Ko ngā papu tētahi o ngā kaiwhakamahi nui rawa atu o ngā hiri mīhini. E ai ki te ingoa, he hiri momo-pā ngā hiri mīhini, he rerekē i ngā hiri ā-hauora, i ngā hiri kore-pā rānei.Ngā hiri mīhinie whakaahuatia ana hoki he hiri miihini taurite, hehiri miihini kore taurite. E pā ana tēnei ki te ōrau o te pēhanga tukanga, mēnā he pēhanga rānei, ka taea te puta ki muri i te mata hiri tūmau. Mēnā kāore te mata hiri e pēhia ki te mata hurihuri (pērā i te hiri momo pana) kāore rānei te wai tukanga i te pēhanga e tika ana kia hiritia e tukuna kia puta ki muri i te mata hiri, ka pupuhi te mata hiri e te pēhanga tukanga ki muri, ka tuwhera. Me whai whakaaro te kaihoahoa hiri ki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere katoa hei hoahoa i tētahi hiri me te kaha kati e hiahiatia ana engari kaua e nui rawa te kaha kia nui rawa te wera me te kakahu e puta mai ana i te utaina o te waeine i te mata hiri hihiri. He taurite ngāwari tēnei e hanga ana, e pakaru ana rānei i te pono o te papu.
ka anga te hiri hihiri mā te whakahohe i te kaha whakatuwhera, kaua ki te tikanga tuku iho o
te whakataurite i te kaha kati, e ai ki te whakaahuatanga i runga ake nei. Kāore e whakakore i te kaha kati e hiahiatia ana engari ka hoatu he pātene anō ki te kaihoahoa papu me te kaiwhakamahi hei huri mā te tuku i te wetewete, te tango rānei i ngā mata hiri, me te pupuri tonu i te kaha kati e hiahiatia ana, kia whakaitihia ai te wera me te kakahu me te whakawhānui ake i ngā tikanga mahi ka taea.
Ngā Hiri Hau Maroke (DGS), e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūwero, ka whakarato i te kaha whakatuwhera i ngā mata o te hiri. Ka hangaia tēnei kaha e te mātāpono whāriki aerodynamic, ka āwhina ngā awaawa papu pai ki te akiaki i te hau mai i te taha tukatuka pēhanga teitei o te hiri, ki roto i te āputa me te puta noa i te mata o te hiri hei whāriki kiriata wai kore-pa.
Ko te kaha whakatuwheratanga o te peera hau maroke i te mata o te hiri hau maroke. Ko te pari o te rārangi e tohu ana i te pakari i te āputa. Kia mahara ko te āputa kei roto i ngā maikorona.
Ka puta anō te āhuatanga i roto i ngā peera hinu waiora e tautoko ana i te nuinga o ngā pūwero nui me ngā rotor papu, ā, ka kitea i roto i ngā kauwhata eccentricity hurihuri e whakaaturia ana e Bently. Mā tēnei pānga ka puta he aukati whakamuri pumau, ā, he mea nui ki te angitu o ngā peera hinu waiora me te DGS. Kāore i ngā hiri miihini ngā awaawa papu pai e kitea ana i roto i te mata DGS aerodynamic. Tērā pea he huarahi hei whakamahi i ngā mātāpono peera hau pēhanga o waho hei whakakore i te kaha kati mai i temata hiri miihinis.
Ngā kauwhata kounga o ngā tawhā whēra kiriata-wai me te ōwehenga rerekētanga o te puka. Ko te pakari, K, me te whakamātao, D, he iti rawa ina kei waenganui o te puka te puka. I te tata atu o te puka ki te mata o te puka, ka tino piki ake te pakari me te whakamātao.
Ka whakamahia e ngā peera hau ā-rangi ā-waho he pūtake hau pēhanga, engari ka whakamahia e ngā peera hihiri te nekehanga whanaunga i waenga i ngā mata hei whakaputa i te pēhanga āputa. E rua ngā painga matua o te hangarau pēhanga o waho. Tuatahi, ka taea te werohanga tika i te hau pēhanga i waenga i ngā mata hiri i roto i te huarahi whakahaere, kaua ki te akiaki i te hau ki roto i te āputa hiri mā te whakamahi i ngā awaawa papu papaku e hiahia ana ki te nekehanga. Mā tēnei ka taea te wehewehe i ngā mata hiri i mua i te tīmatanga o te hurihanga. Ahakoa ka piri ngā mata, ka pakaru mai kia kore ai he tīmatanga waku, ā, ka mutu ina werohanga tika te pēhanga i waenga i a rātou. Hei tāpiri, ki te wera te hiri, ka taea te whakanui ake i te pēhanga ki te mata o te hiri mā te pēhanga o waho. Kātahi ka piki ake te āputa i te ōrite ki te pēhanga, engari ka taka te wera mai i te kutikuti ki runga i te mahi poraka o te āputa. Mā tēnei ka hoatu he kaha hou ki te kaiwhakahaere ki te whakamahi i te ārai i te whakaputanga wera.
Tērā tētahi atu painga o ngā pūwero, arā, kāore he rere puta noa i te mata, pērā i te DGS. Engari, ko te pēhanga teitei rawa kei waenganui i ngā mata hiri, ā, ka rere te pēhanga o waho ki te āhuarangi, ka puta rānei te hau ki tētahi taha, ka uru ki te pūwero mai i tētahi taha. Ka whakapiki ake tēnei i te pono mā te pupuri i te tukanga kia kore e uru ki te āputa. I roto i ngā papu, kāore pea tēnei e waiho hei painga nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia te akiaki i te hau pēhanga ki roto i te papu. Ka taea e ngā hau pēhanga i roto i ngā papu te whakararu i te cavitation, i te hama hau rānei. Heoi, he mea whakamere te whai hiri kore-pa, kore-waku rānei mō ngā papu me te kore e pāngia e te rere o te hau ki roto i te tukanga papu. Tērā pea ka taea te whai i tētahi peera hau pēhanga o waho me te kore rere?
Utu
He momo whakaōritenga kei ngā peera pēhanga o waho katoa. Ko te whakaōritenga he momo here e pupuri ana i te pēhanga kia noho rahui. Ko te momo whakaōritenga e tino kitea ana ko te whakamahi i ngā kōhao, engari kei reira anō ngā tikanga whakaōritenga awaawa, hikoinga me te pūwero. Mā te whakaōritenga ka taea e ngā peera, ngā mata hiri rānei te oma tata tetahi ki tetahi me te kore e pā, nā te mea ka tata haere, ka teitei ake te pēhanga hau i waenganui i a rātou, ka panaia ngā mata kia wehe.
Hei tauira, i raro i tētahi pūwero hau kua whakakapia ki te kōhao papatahi (Whakaahua 3), ko te toharite
Ka ōrite te pēhanga i roto i te āputa ki te kawenga katoa i runga i te peera, wehea ki te horahanga o te mata, koinei te kawenga waeine. Mena he 60 pauna ia inihi tapawha (psi) te pēhanga hau pūtake o tēnei pūtake, ā, he 10 inihi tapawha te horahanga o te mata, ā, he 300 pauna te kawenga, ka 30 psi te toharite i roto i te āputa peera. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te āputa he tata ki te 0.0003 inihi, ā, nā te mea he iti rawa te āputa, ko te rere he tata ki te 0.2 putu kūpiko paerewa ia meneti (scfm). Nā te mea he aukati kōhao kei mua tonu i te āputa e pupuri ana i te pēhanga hei rahui, ki te piki te kawenga ki te 400 pauna ka whakaitihia te āputa peera ki te 0.0002 inihi, ka aukati i te rere i roto i te āputa ki raro ki te 0.1 scfm. Mā tēnei pikinga i te aukati tuarua ka hoatu he rere nui ki te aukati kōhao kia taea ai e te pēhanga toharite i roto i te āputa te piki ki te 40 psi me te tautoko i te kawenga kua piki ake.
He tirohanga taha tapahi tēnei o tētahi whāriki hau kōhao noa e kitea ana i roto i tētahi mīhini ine taunga (CMM). Mēnā ka kiia he "whāriki utu" tētahi pūnaha hau, me whai here i mua i te here āputa whāriki.
Te Whakautu o te Kōhao me te Whakautu o te Pōro
Ko te utu whakapūtanga kōhao te momo utu e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Tērā pea he whānui kōhao o te kōhao noa he .010 inihi, engari nā te mea he iti noa ngā inihi tapawhā e whāngai ana i te horahanga, he maha atu ngā horahanga e whāngai ana i a ia anō, nō reira ka tere te tere o te hau. He maha ngā wā, ka tapahia tika ngā kōhao mai i ngā rupi, i ngā hapaira rānei hei karo i te memeha o te rahi o te kōhao, ā, ka rerekē te mahi a te peera. Ko tētahi atu raruraru ko ngā āputa i raro i te 0.0002 inihi, ka tīmata te horahanga huri noa i te kōhao ki te aukati i te rere ki te toenga o te mata, ā, i taua wā ka hinga te kiriata hau. Ka pērā anō hoki i te wā e hikitia ana, nā te mea ko te horahanga anake o te kōhao me ngā awaawa katoa e wātea ana hei tīmata i te hiki. Koinei tētahi o ngā take matua kāore e kitea ngā peera pēhanga o waho i roto i ngā mahere hiri.
Kāore tēnei e rite ana ki te peera kua whakakapia ki te porous, engari ka mau tonu te pakari.
ka piki ake i te pikinga o te kawenga, ā, ka whakaitihia te āputa, pērā i te DGS (Whakaahua 1) me
ngā peera hinu waiora. Mō ngā peera pūwero pehanga o waho, ka noho te peera i roto i te aratau kaha taurite ina rite te pēhanga whakauru ki te kawenga katoa i runga i te peera. He take tribological whakamere tēnei nā te mea kāore he ara hiki, he āputa hau rānei. Kāore he rere, engari ko te kaha waiora o te pēhanga hau ki te mata kaute i raro i te mata o te peera ka wetekina tonu te taumaha o te kawenga katoa, ā, ka tata kore te tauwehenga o te waku—ahakoa kei te pa tonu ngā mata.
Hei tauira, mēnā he 10 inihi tapawhā te whānui o te mata o te hiri karāpeti, ā, he 1,000 pauna te kaha kati, ā, he 0.1 te tauwehenga waku o te karāpeti, e 100 pauna te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei tīmata i te nekehanga. Engari ki te mea he pūtake pēhanga o waho o te 100 psi e tukuna ana mā roto i te karāpeti porous ki tōna mata, kāore rawa he kaha e hiahiatia ana hei tīmata i te nekehanga. Ahakoa kei te 1,000 pauna tonu te kaha kati e pēhi ana i ngā mata e rua, ā, kei te pā atu ngā mata.
He momo rauemi whāriki papatahi pēnei i te: karāpeti, ngā waro me ngā uku pēnei i te alumina me ngā waro-silicon e mōhiotia ana e ngā umanga turbo, ā, he porous tūturu kia taea ai te whakamahi hei whāriki pēhanga o waho, arā, he whāriki kiriata wai kore-pa. He mahi ranu kei reira te pēhanga o waho e whakamahia ana hei tango i te pēhanga pa, te kaha kati rānei o te hiri mai i te tribology e haere ana i roto i ngā mata hiri pa. Mā tēnei ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere papu te whakarite i tētahi mea i waho o te papu kia pai ai te whakahaere i ngā tono raruraru me ngā mahi tere ake i te wā e whakamahi ana i ngā hiri miihini.
Ka pā anō hoki tēnei mātāpono ki ngā paraihe, ki ngā whakawhitiwhiti, ki ngā whakaoho, ki tētahi atu kaiārahi whakapā rānei e whakamahia ana hei tango raraunga, hei tango rānei i ngā iahiko hiko ki runga, ki waho rānei i ngā mea hurihuri. I te tere haere o te hurihuri me te piki haere o te rere o ngā rotors, ka uaua pea te pupuri i ēnei taputapu kia pa ki te pou, ā, he maha ngā wā me whakanui ake te pēhanga o te puna e pupuri ana i a rātou ki te pou. Engari, ina koa i roto i te mahi tere-rahi, ka hua ake hoki i tēnei pikinga o te kaha whakapā he nui ake te wera me te kakahu. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te mātāpono ranu kotahi e whakamahia ana ki ngā mata hiri miihini kua whakaahuatia i runga ake nei, ina hiahiatia te whakapā tinana mō te kawe hiko i waenga i ngā wāhanga tūmau me ngā wāhanga hurihuri. Ka taea te whakamahi i te pēhanga o waho pērā i te pēhanga mai i te rango waipēhi hei whakaiti i te waku i te atanga hihiri me te whakanui tonu i te kaha puna, te kaha kati rānei e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i te mata paraihe, hiri rānei kia pa ki te pou hurihuri.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-21-2023