He mea nui te whiriwhiri i te rauemi mō tō hiri, nā te mea ka whai wāhi nui ki te whakatau i te kounga, te roa o te ora me te mahi o tētahi tono, me te whakaiti i ngā raruraru ā muri ake nei. I konei, ka tirohia te pānga o te taiao ki te whiriwhiri rauemi hiri, tae atu ki ētahi o ngā rauemi tino noa me ngā tono e tino pai ana mō rātou.
Ngā āhuatanga taiao
He mea nui te taiao e pāngia ai te hiri ina whiriwhiria te hoahoa me te rauemi. He maha ngā āhuatanga matua e hiahiatia ana e ngā rauemi hiri mō ngā taiao katoa, tae atu ki te hanga i tētahi mata hiri pumau, ka taea te kawe i te wera, te ātete ki ngā matū, me te ātete pai ki te kakahu.
I ētahi taiao, me kaha ake ēnei āhuatanga i ētahi atu. Ko ētahi atu āhuatanga rauemi me whai whakaaro ki te taiao ko te pakeke, te pakari, te whānui wera, te kakahu me te ātete matū. Mā te maumahara ki ēnei ka āwhina i a koe ki te kimi i te rauemi tino pai mō tō hiri.
Ka taea hoki e te taiao te whakatau mēnā ka taea te whakarite i te utu, i te kounga rānei o te hiri. Mō ngā taiao whakakoi me ngā taiao pakari, tera pea ka nui ake te utu o ngā hiri nā te mea me kaha ngā rauemi ki te tu atu ki ēnei āhuatanga.
Mō ēnei momo taiao, mā te whakapau moni mō tētahi hiri kounga teitei ka ea te hua i roto i te wā, nā te mea ka āwhina i te ārai i ngā kati, ngā whakatikatika, me te whakahou, te whakakapi rānei i te hiri e hua mai ana i tētahi hiri kounga iti. Heoi, i roto i ngā mahi papu me te wai tino ma he āhuatanga whakahinuhinu, ka taea te hoko i tētahi hiri iti ake te utu hei utu mō ngā peera kounga teitei.
Ngā rauemi hiri noa
Waro
Ko te waro e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mata hiri he ranunga o te waro kore-āhua me te karāpeti, ā, ko ngā ōrau o ia mea e whakatau ana i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te taumata whakamutunga o te waro. He rauemi kore-pūmau, pumau hoki, ka taea te whakahinuhinu i a ia anō.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana hei tētahi o ngā takirua mata pito i roto i ngā hiri miihini, ā, he rauemi rongonui hoki mō ngā hiri porowhita me ngā mowhiti piston i raro i te hinu maroke, i te hinu iti rānei. Ka taea hoki te whakakī i tēnei ranunga waro/karāpiti ki ētahi atu rauemi hei hoatu i ngā āhuatanga rerekē pēnei i te whakaiti i te porosity, te whakapai ake i te mahi kakahu, te whakapai ake rānei i te kaha.
Ko te hiri waro whakakīia ki te kapia thermoset te mea tino noa mō ngā hiri miihini, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā waro whakakīia ki te kapia ka taea te mahi i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā matū mai i ngā turanga kaha ki ngā waikawa kaha. He pai hoki ngā āhuatanga waku me te modulus e tika ana hei āwhina i te whakahaere i ngā hapa pēhanga. He pai tēnei rauemi mō te mahi whānui ki te 260°C (500°F) i roto i te wai, ngā wai whakamatao, ngā wahie, ngā hinu, ngā otinga matū māmā, me ngā tono kai me te rongoā.
Kua kitea hoki te angitu o ngā hiri waro kua whakakīia ki te antimony nā te kaha me te modulus o te antimony, he mea pai mō ngā tono pēhanga teitei ina hiahiatia he rauemi kaha ake, pakari ake. He ātete ake hoki ēnei hiri ki te pupuhi i roto i ngā tono me ngā wai matotoru teitei, ngā warowaihā māmā rānei, koia te paerewa mō ngā tono maha o te whare whakapai hinu.
Ka taea hoki te whakakī i te waro ki ngā mea hanga kiriata pērā i te fluoride mō te rere maroke, te whakamahi i te cryogenics me te korehau, ngā aukati waikura rānei pērā i te phosphates mō te pāmahana teitei, te tere teitei, me ngā tono tāpine ki te 800 putu/hekona me te tata ki te 537°C (1,000°F).
Uku
He rauemi kore-whakarewa kore-waro ngā uku, he mea hanga mai i ngā matū taiao, i ngā matū hangai rānei, ko te nuinga he alumina waikura, he alumina rānei. He teitei te ira rewa, he pakeke, he ātete ki te kakahu me te waikura, nō reira he whānui te whakamahinga i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te mīhini, te matū, te hinu, te rongoā me te motuka.
He tino pai hoki ōna āhuatanga whakawehe hiko, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā ārai hiko, ngā wāhanga ātete kakahu, ngā mea huri, me ngā wāhanga pāmahana teitei. I roto i ngā parakore teitei, he tino pai te ātete matū o te alumina ki te nuinga o ngā wai tukatuka engari ko ētahi waikawa kaha, ā, nā reira ka whakamahia i roto i ngā tono hiri miihini maha. Heoi, ka taea e te alumina te pakaru ngāwari i raro i te ru wera, ā, kua whakawhāitihia tōna whakamahinga i roto i ētahi tono ka raru pea tēnei.
Ka hangaia te karawiti silicon mā te whakakotahi i te silica me te coke. He rite te matū ki te uku, engari he pai ake te whakahinuhinu, ā, he pakeke ake, he pai hoki mō ngā taiao uaua.
Ka taea hoki te tāpiri anō me te whakakanapa kia taea ai te whakahou i te hiri i ngā wā maha i roto i tōna oranga. He mea whakamahi ā-ringa te nuinga, pērā i ngā hiri ā-ringa nā tōna ātete pai ki te waikura matū, tōna kaha teitei, tōna pakeke teitei, tōna ātete pai ki te kakahu, tōna tauwehenga waku iti me tōna ātete pāmahana teitei.
Ina whakamahia mō ngā mata hiri ā-mīhini, ka hua ake te mahi pai ake o te silicon carbide, ka roa ake te ora o te hiri, ka iti ake ngā utu tiaki, ka iti ake hoki ngā utu whakahaere mō ngā taputapu hurihuri pēnei i ngā tāpine, ngā compressor, me ngā papu centrifugal. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te silicon carbide i runga i te āhua o tōna hanganga. Ka hangaia te silicon carbide honohono tauhohenga mā te hono i ngā matūriki silicon carbide ki a rātou anō i roto i te tukanga tauhohenga.
Kāore tēnei tukanga e tino pā ki te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te āhua wera o te rauemi, heoi, ka whakawhāitihia te ātete matū o te rauemi. Ko ngā matū tino noa e raru ana ko ngā matū whakakā (me ētahi atu matū pH teitei) me ngā waikawa kaha, nō reira kaua e whakamahia te karawiti silicon e honoa ana ki te tauhohenga me ēnei tono.
Ka hangaia te karawiti silicon kua whakatōkia-ake mā te whakatōkia tika i ngā matūriki karawiti silicon mā te whakamahi i ngā āwhina whakatōkia kore-waikura i roto i te taiao kore mahi i ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 2,000°C. Nā te kore o tētahi rauemi tuarua (pēnei i te silicon), ka ātete matū te rauemi kua whakatōkia tika ki te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga wai me ngā tukanga ka kitea pea i roto i te papu tohanga.
He rauemi tino maha ngā whakamahinga o te tungsten carbide pērā i te silicon carbide, engari he pai ake mō ngā tono pēhanga teitei nā te mea he ngāwari ake, ka taea ai te piko pakupaku me te ārai i te hē o te mata. Pērā i te silicon carbide, ka taea te huri anō me te whakakanapa.
Ko ngā warowaihā tungsten he mea hanga i te nuinga o te wā hei warowaihā sima, nō reira kāore he ngana ki te hono i te warowaihā tungsten ki a ia anō. Ka tāpirihia he konganuku tuarua hei here, hei whakapiri rānei i ngā matūriki warowaihā tungsten, ka hua ake he rauemi he rite ngā āhuatanga o te warowaihā tungsten me te hononga konganuku.
Kua whakamahia tēnei hei painga mā te whakarato i te pakari me te kaha pānga nui atu i te mea ka taea e te tungsten carbide anake. Ko tētahi o ngā ngoikoretanga o te tungsten carbide sima ko tōna matotoru teitei. I mua, i whakamahia te tungsten carbide here-cobalt, heoi kua āta whakakapia e te tungsten carbide here-nikara nā te mea kāore i a ia te whānuitanga o te hototahi matū e hiahiatia ana mō te ahumahi.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana te tungsten carbide here-nikara mō ngā mata hiri e hiahiatia ana he kaha teitei, he pakari teitei hoki, ā, he pai te hototahitanga matū e herea ana e te nikara kore utu.
GFPTFE
He pai te ātete matū o te GFPTFE, ā, ka whakaitihia e te karāhe tāpiri te waku o ngā mata hiri. He mea tino pai mō ngā tono ma, ā, he iti ake te utu i ētahi atu rauemi. He momo iti kei te wātea hei whakataurite i te hiri ki ngā whakaritenga me te taiao, hei whakapai ake i tōna mahi whānui.
Pūna
He rapa nitrile a Buna (e mōhiotia ana ko te rapa nitrile) he elastomer utu-pai mō ngā mowhiti-O, ngā hiri me ngā hua whakarewa. E mōhiotia whānuitia ana mō tana mahi miihini, ā, he pai te mahi i roto i ngā tono hinu, matū hinu me te matū. E whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki mō te hinu mata, te wai, ngā momo waipiro, te hinu silicone me ngā tono waipēhi nā tōna uaua.
He copolymer rapa hangai a Buna, ā, he pai tana mahi i roto i ngā tono e hiahia ana kia piri te konganuku me te rauemi ātete-paowa, ā, nā tēnei papamuri matū hoki i pai ai mō ngā tono hiri. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ia te tu atu i ngā pāmahana iti nā te mea he iti te ātete ki te waikawa me te kawakore ngawari.
He iti noa ngā whakamahinga o te Buna i ngā āhuatanga tino kino pēnei i te pāmahana teitei, te huarere, te ātete ki te rā me te mamaoa, ā, kāore e pai mō ngā horoi-i-te-wāhi (CIP) kei roto ngā waikawa me ngā waikura.
EPDM
He rapa hangai te EPDM e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mahi motuka, hangahanga me ngā mahi miihini mō ngā hiri me ngā mowhiti-O, ngā ngongo me ngā horoi. He nui ake te utu i a Buna, engari ka taea te tu atu i ngā momo āhuatanga wera, huarere me te miihini nā te mea he roa te mau o tōna kaha kume. He maha ngā whakamahinga, ā, he pai mō ngā mahi e pā ana ki te wai, te haurehu, te mā me ētahi atu rauemi kawakore.
Nā te mea he ngāwari, he piri hoki tōna āhua, ina totorohia, ka hoki anō te EPDM ki tōna āhua taketake ahakoa te pāmahana. Kāore i te tūtohutia te EPDM mō te hinu hinu, ngā wai, te hauwaiwai kōroine, te whakarewa hauwaiwai rānei.
Witon
He hua rapa warowaihā whai fluorine, he roa te ora, he mahi teitei, arā, ko te Viton, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mowhiti-O me ngā hiri. He nui ake te utu i ētahi atu rauemi rapa engari koinei te kōwhiringa pai mō ngā hiahia hiri tino uaua me te uaua.
He ātete ki te ozone, te waikura me ngā āhuatanga huarere kino, tae atu ki ngā rauemi pēnei i ngā hauwaiwaro aliphatic me ngā hauwaiwaro kakara, ngā wai halogenated me ngā rauemi waikawa kaha, ko tētahi o ngā fluoroelastomers tino pakari.
He mea nui te whiriwhiri i te rauemi tika mō te hiri kia angitu ai te mahi. Ahakoa he rite tonu te maha o ngā rauemi hiri, he maha ngā mahi a ia rauemi hiri hei whakatutuki i tētahi hiahia motuhake.
Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-12-2023