He aha i whakangaro ai ngā papu wai wera i ngā hiri mīhini
He tino uaua ngā mahi a te wai wera mō ngā taputapu hurihuri. I runga ake i te 160°F (71°C), ka tino rerekē te āhua o te wai, ka heke te hinu whakahinuhinu, ā, ka piki haere te tūponotanga o te mura o te wai i te atanga hiri. Te mārama ki te take.ka pakaru te hiri miihinii roto i ēnei taiao me wehewehe i waenga i te kakahu miihini noa me te whakangaromanga tere i puta mai i te kore pumau o te wera, te waipēhi rānei.
Ina whakamahia anō ngā papu paerewa mō te whāngai i ngā poihau pāmahana teitei, te whakahokinga mai o te wai whakapūhau, te whakamahana rohe rānei, he maha ngā wā ka panaia ā rātou tikanga hiri ki tua atu i ō rātou rohe hoahoa. Ko te whakaiti i ēnei hapa me mārama hohonu ki ngā kaha pāmahana e pā ana ki te rūma hiri me ngā momo hapa motuhake e puta mai ana.
Ngā tohu noa o te pakaru o te hiri
He maha ngā tohu tirohanga me ngā tohu mahi o te pakaru wawe ka puta i mua noa atu i te wā e kati ai te papu nā te turuturu kino. Tērā pea ka kite ngā kaimahi tiaki i te kohikohinga puehu waro huri noa i te repe, te tangi wā-poto i te wā e tīmata ana, te piki haere rānei o te wai hiri e whakamahia ana mēnā ka whakamahia he horoinga o waho. Ina heke te Wā Waenga i waenganui i ngā Raru (MTBF) mō te hiri mīhini ki raro i te 12 ki te 18 marama i roto i te tono wai wera paerewa, he tohu kaha tēnei mō ngā take taiao, ngā take pūnaha rānei, kaua ki ngā hapa wāhanga takitahi.
He mea nui anō hoki te aromatawai i te wā i puta ai te rahunga. Ko te hiri e rahunga ana i roto i ngā haora 48 o te tāutanga he tohu i ngā hapa tāutanga nui, he hē te tūnga, he āhua maroke tonu rānei. I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā rahunga e puta ana i muri i te toru ki te ono marama o te mahi he nui ake te tūponotanga e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga tukanga hurihuri, te piki haere o te tauine, te mahi tonu rānei i waho o te takai wera pai rawa atu.
Ngā pānga o te pāmahana, te pēhanga, me te tawhā mamaoa
Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te pāmahana, te pēhanga, me te tawhā mamaoa te mea tino nui mō te pono o te hiri wai wera. I te pikinga o te pāmahana o te wai, ka piki haere te pēhanga mamaoa. Mēnā kāore te pēhanga i roto i te rūma hiri e neke ake i te pēhanga mamaoa o te wai mā te tawhā e tika ana—e taunakitia ana kia 25 ki te 50 psi (1.7 ki te 3.4 pae) i runga ake i te pēhanga mamaoa—ka puta te kanapa.
Ko te whakakorikori te huringa tere o te wai wai ki te mamaoa tikai waenganui i ngā mata o te hiri miihiniNā te mea kāore rawa he hinu whakahinuhinu e tukuna ana e te mamaoa, ka tere te maroke o ngā mata, ka puta he waku nui me te wera ā-rohe. Nā tēnei pikinga wera ka piko ngā mata, ka huaki te āputa wai, ka taea ai e ngā matūriki whakakoi te tomo, ka tere ai te whakangaromanga o ngā mata kua takaia.
Te rahunga o te hiri me ngā tohu o te rahunga o te pūnaha
Ko te tautuhi tika me wehewehe i waenga i te rahunga o te hiri tuatahi me te rahunga o te papu pūnaha e kitea noa ana i te hiri. Ko te hiri miihini te hononga ngoikore rawa atu i roto i te huihuinga hurihuri, ā, ka rahunga hei tohu tuarua o te raruraru waipēhi whānui, raruraru miihini rānei. Hei tauira, ko te cavitation i puta mai i te koretake o te Upoko Momi Pai Kupenga (NPSHa) ka puta he pupuhi pehanga kaha ka taea te pakaru i ngā mata hiri pakarukaru.
Waihoki, ko te whakahekenga o te peera, te mahi rānei i tawhiti atu i te Pūwāhi Pai rawa atu o te papu (BEP) ka nui rawa ngā kawenga radial. Mena ka neke atu te piko o te rakau i te 0.002 inihi (0.05 mm) i ngā mata hiri, ka kore e taea te whai i ngā puna. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ko te whakakapi i te hiri miihini me te kore e aro ki te kakahu o te peera, te kore pumau rānei o te waipēhi ka whakarite kia tere te hokinga mai o te rahunga.
Ngā Mea Tino Hira mō te Hoahoa Hiri
Ko te whiriwhiri i te hiri miihini tika mō te wai wera me neke atu i ngā whakaritenga whaihua paerewa. Me tu atu te hanganga ā-tinana, te āhua o te mata, me te hanganga rauemi i te taiao pāmahana teitei me ngā āhuatanga hinu ngoikore o te wai wera.
Me arotake e ngā kaihangarau ngā tawhā whakahaere tuturu—ina koa te pāmahana mōrahi tonu, ngā pikinga pēhanga rangitahi, me te parakore o te wai—kia tohua ai he hoahoa hiri e pupuri ana i tētahi kiriata wai pumau i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere katoa e tumanakohia ana.
Ngā hoahoa hiri taurite, ngā hoahoa hiri kore taurite rānei
Ko te taurite waipēhi o te hiri ā-ringa e whakatau ana i te nui o te pēhanga wai e whakamahia ana hei pana i ngā mata o te hiri kia kotahi. Ko ngā hiri kore taurite ka herea ki ngā pēhanga tata ki te 150 psi (10 pae) me ngā pāmahana taurite. I roto i ngā tono wai wera, ko ngā kaha kati teitei o te hiri kore taurite ka whakaputa i te wera nui o te waku, ka tino whakaiti i te taha o te kohu, ka puta ai te kanapa.
Mō ngā pūnaha wai wera e mahi ana i runga ake i te 200°F (93°C) me ngā pēhanga teitei rānei,ngā hiri miihini tauritehe mea whakahau. Mā te hoahoa taurite ka whakarerekē i te ōwehenga āhuahanga o ngā mata hiri, ka whakaitihia te kaha kati waipēhi me te pupuri tonu i te pēhanga kia nui hei ārai i te turuturu. Ko tēnei whakarerekētanga ka whakaiti i te whakaputanga wera i ngā mata mā te 20% ki te 30%, ka whakawhānui ake i te rohenga tere-pēhanga (PV) me te whakaroa ake i te roanga mahi o te hiri i roto i ngā wai pūngāwerewere.
Ngā hiri mīhini kotahi, ngā hiri mīhini takirua rānei
Ngā hiri mīhini kotahiKa whakawhirinaki katoa ki te wai tukanga e papuhia ana mō te whakahinuhinu me te whakamatao. Ahakoa he iti te utu, he tino ngāwari ki te pakaru o te tukanga, te kanapa, me te rere maroke. Mena ka motuhia te puna wai wera, ka mimiti rānei, ka tere te pakaru o te hiri kotahi. Hei whakaiti i tēnei, he maha ngā wā ka huri ngā whare ki ngā hiri miihini takirua (takirua) mō ngā rawa nui, ngā rawa pāmahana teitei rānei.
Ka whakamahia e ngā hiri ā-ringa takirua he arai tuarua, he wai ārai rānei hei wehe i ngā mata o te hiri mai i te wai tukanga pakari, kia mau tonu ai te whakahinuhinu ahakoa ngā āhuatanga o roto o te papu.
| Whirihoranga | Ngā Whakaritenga Whakamatao | Te Tumanakohanga MTBF | Tauwehenga Utu Whakawhanaunga |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kotahi Kore Taurite | Iti rawa (Wai tukanga) | < 12 marama | 1.0x |
| Kotahi Taurite | Taurite (Mahere 11/21) | 18 – 24 marama | 1.5x |
| Takirua Kāore he Pēhanga | Teitei (Mahere 52) | 24 – 36 marama | 2.5x |
| Pēhanga Rua | Teitei (Mahere 53A/54) | > 36 marama | 3.5x |
Ngā rauemi mata, ngā elastomer, me te kōwhiringa puna
He uaua te whiriwhiri rauemi i roto i ngā taiao wai wera. Mō ngā mata hiri tuatahi, ko te waro kua whakakiia ki te Antimony e rere ana ki te Silicon Carbide (SiC) me te Tungsten Carbide (TC) he takirua noa, e tuku ana i te taurite pai o te ātete ki te kakahu me te ora i te wā maroke. Ahakoa he tino pakari te SiC me te SiC, he tino ngawari ki te pakaru kino mena ka mura te wai, ka maroke hoki ngā mata.
He mea nui anō hoki te whiriwhiri i te elastomer (O-ring) nā te mea he mōrearea te pirau matū. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te FKM (Viton) i roto i ngā ahumahi engari he rongonui mō te hydrolysis—he pakaru matū—i roto i ngā tono wai wera i runga ake i te 212°F (100°C). Engari, ko te EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) te elastomer pai mō te wai wera me te mamaoa, e taea ai te whakahaere pono i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 300°F (149°C). Hei tāpiri, ko ngā hoahoa puna maha-pūmau, ko ngā pupuhi whakarewa rānei e taunakitia ana i ngā puna koiri kotahi, nā te mea ka ātete ki te aukati i te kohi mai i te kohuke kohuke e kitea ana i roto i ngā pūnaha wai wera.
Me pēhea te tātaritanga i te rahunga o te hiri i mua i te whakakapinga
Whakakapi matapo i tētahihiri miihini i rahuaKi te kore e kitea te pūtake o te raru, ka puta anō te hē. He mea nui te tikanga wawahi me te tirotiro ātaahua hei tautuhi i ngā ahotea ā-pūkaha, ā-wera, ā-matū rānei i whakararu i te tikanga hiri.
Mā te whakamahi i te hiri i rahua hei taunakitanga tātaritanga, ka taea e ngā miihini pono te mahere i ngā tauira pakaru tinana ki ngā hapa whakahaere motuhake, kia taea ai ngā mahi whakatika kua tohua me te whai hua.
Te tirotiro i ngā mata hiri, ngā ringaringa, me ngā mowhiti-O
Mā te tirotiro pakaru pakari ka kitea te taunakitanga tino tika mō te take i rahua ai te hiri miihini. Me tirotiro e ngā miihini ngā mata mārō tuatahi mō te tirotiro wera—he raupapa o ngā kapiti porowhita iti e ahu mai ana i waenganui o te mowhiti hiri. Ko tēnei tauira pakaru motuhake te tohu o te ru wera, e whakaū ana i te mura o te wai hei kohu, ā, i maroke ngā mata i mua i te tineia ohoreretia e te wai matao. Hei tāpiri, ko te keri hohonu, te pupuhi rānei i runga i te mowhiti tuatahi waro e tohu ana i te whakahinuhinu ngoikore, te whakaeke matū rānei.
He kōrero nui anō hoki ngā huānga hiri tuarua me ngā taputapu. Ko ngā mowhiti-O e ahua pūwero ana, e papatahi ana, e pakarukaru ana rānei, e tohu ana i te pikinga o te pāmahana ki tua atu i ngā rohe whakatauranga o te elastomer. Hei tauira, ki te pāngia te mowhiti-O EPDM ki ngā pāmahana ā-rohe neke atu i te 300°F (149°C), ka whakapakeke, ka ngaro tōna ngāwari, ka arahi ki te ara turuturu tuarua. Ko te wiri i runga i te rakau papu, i te ringaringa rānei i raro i te mowhiti-O hihiri e tohu ana i te nekehanga tuaka nui rawa atu, i te wiri rānei i te wā e whakahaerehia ana.
Te tirotiro i te tūnga, te wiri, me te taumahatanga o ngā paipa
Ko te āhua ā-pūkaha o te papu te mea e whakatau tika ana i te roanga o te ora o te hiri. Kāore e taea te whiriwhiri i te tika o te whakaritenga i waenga i te papu me te motuka. Ki te neke atu i te 0.005 inihi te whakaritenga koki, ki te neke atu rānei i te 0.002 inihi te whakaritenga whakarara, ka akiaki i te hiri miihini kia whakatikatika i ia hurihanga o te pou, ka tere ai te ngenge o ngā puna, o ngā pupuhi rānei, ā, ka nui rawa te mau o te mata.
Ko te taumahatanga o ngā paipa tētahi atu mate huna o ngā hiri miihini. Ina herea ngā paipa wai wera taumaha, kua whakawhanuitia ki ngā papa papu me te kore he tautoko tika, ka whakapōturitia te anga papu. Ka puta he piko nui o te pou me te mirimiri ā-roto i tēnei whakapōturitanga. Ko te whakahaere i tētahi tātaritanga wiri he taahiraa tātaritanga paerewa; ko te wiri whānui neke atu i te 0.15 inihi/hēkona RMS ka whakaatu pinepine i te kakahu o te peera, te kore taurite, ngā take haruru rānei e whakaiti ana i te kaha o te aroturuki mata micro-inihi o te hiri.
Te arotake i ngā raraunga whakahaere me ngā tikanga tukanga
Me hono te tirotiro ā-tinana ki ngā raraunga whakahaere kia puta ai he pikitia tātaritanga katoa. Me arotake e ngā tīma pono ngā ia o mua o te SCADA, o te DCS rānei i mua i te rahunga. Rapua ngā pikinga pēhanga ohorere, ngā takahanga mate-upoko, ngā pikinga pāmahana rānei e rite ana ki te kino ā-tinana i kitea i runga i te hiri.
Me aro nui ki ngā tere rere. Mena he maha ngā wā ka mahi te papu i raro i tōna Rere Haumaru Tonu Rawa (MCSF), ka mahi te hurihanga wai ā-roto hei pēhi waipēhi, ka tere te whakawhiti i te kaha nekeneke ki te wera. I roto i te hiko kua kati, ka taea e tēnei te piki ake i te pāmahana wai mā te 10°F ki te 20°F (5°C ki te 11°C) ia meneti, ka mimiti te wai i te atanga hiri i mua noa atu i te whakaoho wera nui o te pāmahana wai nui.
Ngā Mahi Whakatikatika hei Ārai i ngā Rahunga Auau
Hei whakaiti i ngā hapa maha, me whakarerekē te taiao whakahaere, te pūnaha tautoko rānei i te hiri miihini kia mau ai, kia matao ai, kia ma ai hoki te wai i ngā mata o te hiri i ngā wā katoa.
Ko ngā mahi whakatikatika kei roto i te whakatinana i ngā tikanga tiaki me ngā tikanga whakahaere pakari ake ki te whakatinana i ngā mahere paipa API matatau e whakahaere kaha ana i ngā mahi pāmahana o te rūma hiri.
Te whakapai ake i te tāutanga me te whakarite i te rūma hiri
Kua whakatūria te turanga o te pono o te hiri i mua i te tahuritanga o te papu. Me manatoko ngā ātete tāutanga tika mā te whakamahi i ngā tohu waea. Me pupuri tonu te rere o te poro kia iti iho i te 0.001 inihi (0.025 mm) te Pānui Tohu Katoa (TIR). Hei tāpiri, ko te rere o te mata o te rūma hiri (tapawhā ki te poro) me noho i roto i te 0.0005 inihi ia inihi o te diameter o te poro kia tino ōrite te repe tūmau.
Kei roto hoki i te whakarite i te rūma hiri ngā tikanga whakapūngao pakari. He ngāwari te mau o te hau, te kohu rānei i ngā pūnaha wai wera i te hau o runga o te pouaka whakakī. Ki te kore e whakapūngao tikatia te rūma hiri i mua i te tīmatanga, ka maroke rawa te wāhanga o runga o ngā mata hiri, ka pā kino tonu ki te wera i roto i ngā hēkona tuatahi o te mahi.
Te whakahaere i te rere iti me ngā tukanga tīmatanga
He rite tonu te hiranga o te whakahaere i te mahi ki te hoahoa mīhini. Hei ārai i ngā pikinga tere o te pāmahana e pā ana ki te rere iti o te wai, me whakatinana e ngā whare he ārai mīhini, he ārai tikanga rānei hei whakarite kia kore rawa te papu e mahi i raro i tana MCSF. Mā te tāuta i ngā Takirere Rere Aunoa (ARV) me ngā raina whakawhiti rere iti motuhake ka whakarite kia rere tonu te nui o te wai i roto i te anga, kia marara pai ai te wera.
Me tino whakatinanahia hoki ngā tikanga whakaoho, inā koa mō ngā papu tūtatari i roto i te ratonga wai wera. Mā te tuku i te anga papu matao ki te rerenga tonu o te wai 250°F (121°C) ka puta he whakararuraru wera nui, kore taurite, ka he te tūnga o ngā mata hiri i mua i te tīmatanga o te hurihanga o te toki. Me whakatū e ngā whare he tikanga whakamahana whakahaere, ma te whakamahi i ngā waikeri anga, i ngā raina whakamahana rānei hei pupuri i te tere whakamahana āta haere o te 5°F ki te 10°F ia meneti, me te whakarite i te taurite wera i mua i te tīmatanga.
Te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha horoi, tinei, whakamatao, ārai rānei
Ina nui ake te pāmahana o te tukanga i ngā rohe mahi haumaru o te hiri, me whai mana whakahaere taiao o waho. Mā ngā Mahere Paipa API e tohutohu te huarahi e tukuna ai te wai ki te hiri miihini, mai i reira hoki hei whakarato i te whakamatao, te horoi, te tiaki ārai rānei.
| Mahere Paipa API | Tikanga | Te Whakamahinga Wai Wera Pai rawa atu | Te Whakaitinga Mahana Noa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mahere 11 | Te arai tukunga hei hiri | Te horoi taketake, < 180°F | Iti rawa (Ārai i te noho pūmau) |
| Mahere 21 | Te arai tukunga matao | Ngā pāmahana āhua, 180°F – 200°F | 20°F – 40°F |
| Mahere 23 | Pūwhakamatao hiri porowhita kati | Ngā pāmahana teitei, > 200°F | 50°F – 100°F |
| Mahere 32 | Horoi horoi o waho | He nui te matūriki/tauine kei roto | E whakawhirinaki ana ki te pūtake wai whakapūmau |
Mō ngā tono wai wera nui, e tino taunakihia ana te Mahere API 23. Kāore i rite ki te Mahere 21, e whakamatao tonu ana i te wai wera mai i te putanga papu, ka hurihia e te Mahere 23 he iti noa te wai i waenganui i te rūma hiri me te whakawhiti wera motuhake. Ka taea e tēnei pūnaha porowhita kati tino whai hua te whakaiti ngāwari i te pāmahana o te rūma hiri mā te 50°F ki te 100°F (28°C ki te 56°C) ki te whakataurite ki te pāmahana tukatuka papatipu, ka whakakorea katoatia te mōrearea o te kanapa me te whakanui ake i te roa o te hiri.
Whakatau Whakatika, Whakapai Ake, Hoahoa Anō rānei
Ina tūponohia he pakaru roa o te hiri miihini, me arotake e ngā tīma hangarau tiaki me te pono mēnā me haere tonu te whakatika i te whirihoranga o nāianei, me whakapai ake rānei i ngā whakatakotoranga o te hiri, me whai rānei i tētahi hoahoa hou whānui o te pūnaha.
Ka whakawhirinaki tēnei whakataunga ki tētahi tātaritanga pakari o ngā utu mō te huringa ora o te kamupene, me te whakataurite i ngā whakapaunga whakapaipai o mua me ngā whiu mō te wā roa o te mahi tiaki, ngā wāhanga whakakapinga, me te wā kore mahi whakaputa i whakamaheretia.
Te whakataurite i te utu whakatika me te roa o te hiri
Ko te utu tuturu mō te pakaru o te hiri miihini he nui atu i te nama mō te wāhanga whakakapinga. Kei roto ko te mahi e hiahiatia ana mō te wawahi me te tāutanga, te utu o ngā wai ārai, te pānga taiao o ngā turuturu, me te whiu pūtea nui o te ngaronga o te mahi whakaputa. He maha ngā wā he tinihanga te huarahi whakatika-i-te-taonga paerewa i roto i ngā āhuatanga pakaru roa.
Hei tauira, mēnā he $1,500 te utu whakatika mō tētahi hiri ratonga paerewa engari ka pakaru i ia 6 marama, ka nui ake te utu tiaki tika ā-tau i te $3,000—kāore i te whakaurua te wā whakatā. Ka tere te hipa atu o tēnei whakapaunga auau i te haumitanga kotahi $4,500 ki te $6,000 e hiahiatia ana mō tētahi hiri kātereti motuhake, pāmahana teitei me tētahi mahere paipa kua arotauhia e whakarato ana i tētahi MTBF pono mō ngā marama 36. Mā te aromatawai i te Utu Katoa o te Mana Whakahaere (TCO) i roto i te toru ki te rima tau ka mārama te whakatau i te wā kāore e whai hua ai tētahi rautaki whakatika.
Āhea me whakapai ake ngā whakaritenga hiri
Ka hiahiatia te whakapai ake i ngā whakaritenga hiri ina rerekē ngā āhuatanga mahi o te papu mai i ōna paearu hoahoa taketake. Ko tētahi o ngā take e hiahiatia ana mō te whakapai ake ko te toronga tukanga, ina neke haere ngā whakarerekētanga pūnaha i te pāmahana wai ki runga ake i te whakaritenga hoahoa taketake (hei tauira, te toronga mai i te 180°F tuatahi ki te 220°F tonu i roto i ētahi tau o te whakawhānui i te whare).
Ko ētahi atu mea e whakaoho ana ko te huringa whakaweto/whakakā pinepine o te papu, e hua ake ai te ru wera auau, te whakatinanatanga rānei o ngā ture taiao me te haumaru pakari ake e pā ana ki te turuturu wai. Ko te neke mai i tētahi hiri wāhanga kotahi kāore i te taurite ki tētahi hiri kātere taurite, te neke mai i ngā elastomer FKM ki ngā elastomer EPDM, te whakapai ake rānei mai i tētahi koropiko whakamatao Mahere 11 ki tētahi koropiko whakamatao Mahere 23 he whakahoutanga whakatakotoranga paerewa, tino whai hua mō ngā tono wai wera e neke ake ana i te paepae 200°F (93°C).
Te hanga i tētahi mahere mahi whakatikatika matua
Ko te whakatau i ngā hapa maha e hiahiatia ana he mahere mahi whakatikatika wāhanga-wāhanga, he mea nui, kaua e whai i tētahi huarahi marara noa. Me arotahi te wāhanga tuatahi ki ngā hua e iri ana i te wā poto: te whakatika i te tūnga o te papu, te manatoko i ngā tawhā NPSHa, te whakakore i te taumahatanga o ngā paipa, me te whakamana i ngā tikanga whakamahana papu me te iti o te rere. He iti noa te whakapaunga whakapaipai e hiahiatia ana mō ēnei whakatikatika mahi, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakatauhia he ōrau nui o ngā hapa wawe.
Ko te wāhanga tuarua ko ngā whakapainga hangarau o te hiri tonu, pērā i te tautuhi i ngā āhua mata taurite, te arotau i ngā rauemi mata mō te hinu ngoikore, me te whakarite i te hototahitanga o te elastomer. Hei whakamutunga, ko te wāhanga tuatoru me whakapau moni whakapaipai mō ngā pūnaha tautoko matatau, pērā i te tāuta i ngā whakamatao hiri (Mahere 23) te neke rānei ki ngā whirihoranga hiri pēhanga rua (Mahere 53A) mō ngā tono pāmahana teitei tino kaha. Mā tēnei whakanui pūnaha ka whakarite kia whakamahia pai te whakapaipai hei whakakore i te pūtake o te whakangaromanga o te hiri miihini.
Ngā Whakaaro Matua
- Kia mau tonu te pēhanga o te rūma hiri ki te 25 ki te 50 psi i runga ake i te pēhanga kohu wai hei whakaiti i te kanapa me te rere maroke i ngā mata o te hiri.
- Me kī ko te MTBF kei raro iho i te 12 ki te 18 marama i roto i te ratonga wai wera he tohu tēnei o tētahi raruraru pūnaha, o tētahi raruraru tono rānei, kaua ko tētahi hiri kino noa iho.
- Tirohia ngā hapa i roto i ngā hāora 48 mō ngā hapa tāutanga, he hē te tūnga, he hē te whakatakotoranga, ngā āhuatanga maroke rānei o te oma tere tonu.
- Tirohia ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o te papu pēnei i te NPSH, te cavitation, te hauora o te peera, te piko o te pou, me te tawhiti mai i te BEP i mua i te whakapae i te hiri anake.
- Whakamahia ngā hoahoa hiri, ngā rauemi, me ngā mahere tautoko kua whakatauria mō te wai pāmahana teitei, kaua e whakamahi anō i ngā hiri papu ratonga paerewa ki tua atu i ō rātou rohe.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha i maha ai te pakaru o ngā hiri miihini i roto i ngā papu wai wera?
He iti ake te hinu whakahinuhinu o te wai wera, he nui ake te pēhanga kohu. Mēnā he tata rawa te pēhanga o te rūma hiri ki te pēhanga kohu, ka mura te wai hei kohu i ngā mata o te hiri, ka maroke te rere, ka hē te wera, ka puehu waro, ka turuturu, ka tere hoki te pakaru o te mata.
He aha te tawhā mamaoa e taunakitia ana mō ngā hiri miihini wai wera?
Ko tētahi whāinga whaihua ko te pupuri i te pēhanga o te rūma hiri kia 25 ki te 50 psi, kia 1.7 ki te 3.4 pae rānei, i runga ake i te pēhanga kohu wai. Mā tēnei taha ka ārai i te kanapa o ngā mata o te hiri.
Ki te turuturu te hiri, he tohu tonu rānei tēnei kei te hē te hiri?
Kāo. Ko te hiri te wāhanga tuatahi e whakaatu ana i ngā tohu o tētahi raruraru pūnaha whānui, pērā i te cavitation, te NPSH ngoikore, te piko o te rakau, te kakahu o te peera, te he o te tūnga, te mahi rānei i tawhiti atu i te Pūwāhi Pai o te papu.
He aha te tikanga o te pakaru o te hiri i roto i ngā haora 48?
Ki te kore e tutuki i roto i ngā hāora 48, he hapa tāutanga, he hē te whakatakotoranga, he hē te whakatakotoranga o te hiri, he maroke tonu te rere, he āhuatanga whakahaere nui rānei e kore ai e ora te hiri.
Āhea te wā e tika ai kia whakaarohia te pakaru o te hiri hei raruraru mau tonu?
Mena ka heke te MTBF o te hiri miihini i raro iho i te 12 ki te 18 marama i roto i te ratonga wai wera paerewa, tera pea he take pūnaha te take, ehara i te mea matapōkere. Arotakehia te pēhanga, te pāmahana, te mahere horoi, te waipēhi papu, te tāutanga, me te āhua o te pou.
Te wā tuku: Hurae-21-2026