7 Ngā Take Pūtake o ngā Take Tūtaki o te Papu Pūwero

He aha te Hiranga o te turuturu o te hiri mīhini

Ko te pono o te mahi a ngā pūnaha tukatuka wai ahumahi e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te pumau o te hiri miihini o te papu centrifugal. Ina pakaru ēnei hiri, ka horapa atu ngā hua ehara i te ngaronga wai noa iho, tae atu ki ngā tūponotanga taiao, te wā whakamutu kore i whakaritea, me ngā tūponotanga haumaru nui. E whakaatu tonu ana ngā rangahau pono o te ahumahingā pakaru o te hiri miihinitata ki te 69% o ngā pakarutanga o te papu tohanga katoa, ā, ko te pono o te hiri te kaupapa matua mō te arotau i te wā waenga i te pakarutanga (MTBF). He mea nui te mārama ki ngā pūtake o te turuturu o te hiri miihini mō ngā kaihangarau tiaki me ngā tohunga pono e whai ana kia whakanuia te huringa ora o ngā rawa me te whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga whakahaere.

Ko te whakatika i ēnei take matua me mārama ki te āhua o tengā mahi hiri ā-pūwero o te papu whakaterei raro i ngā āhuatanga hihiri. Ehara te hiri i te ārai pūmau engari he taputapu pupuri wai hihiri tino hangarau e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā kaha miihini tika, te hihiri wai, me te hihiri wera.

Ngā Mea e Kiia ana he turuturu o te hiri mīhini

Hei tātaritanga tika i ngā raruraru, me mārama tuatahi te tangata ki te tikanga turuturu o te hiri miihini o te papu tohanga. Ka mahi te hiri miihini mā te pupuri i tētahi kiriata wai moroiti i waenganui i te mata hurihuri me te mata tūmau. Ko tēnei kiriata wai, e ine ana i waenga i te 0.00005 me te 0.00015 inihi (1.27 ki te 3.81 maikiromita) te matotoru, e whakarato ana i te hinu whakahinuhinu me te whakamatao nui. I te hekenga o te wai puta noa i ngā mata hiri mai i te taha wai pēhanga teitei ki te taha hauhautanga pēhanga iti, ka heke te pēhanga, ā, he maha ngā wā ka huri te āhua, ka mimiti i mua i te putanga atu.

Nā te hekenga tonu o te wai, ka turuturu ngā hiri katoa; heoi, i roto i tētahi hiri e mahi tika ana, ko tēnei 'turuturu' he kohu kore e kitea. Ka puta te turuturu wai e kitea ana ina nui ake te matotoru o te kiriata wai i ngā tawhā hoahoa, ka taea ai te wai te haere mā roto me te kore e mimiti, ina pakaru rānei ngā mata o te hiri, ka hangaia he ara turuturu nui. Ko te whakawhiti mai i te tukunga kohu ki te hanganga pata wai e kitea ana e tohu ana i te rohe i waenga i te mahi noa me te raruraru hiri e whanake ana.

Ngā Tohu o te turuturu me te hinganga e whakaaetia ana

He pūkenga tātaritanga nui te wehewehe i waenga i te tangi mahi e whakaaetia ana me ngā tohu rahunga tuturu. He rerekē rawa ngā reiti turuturu e whakaaetia ana i runga i te hoahoa hiri, ngā rauemi mata, te diameter o te toki, te tere hurihuri, me te taumaha motuhake me te pēhanga kohu o te wai e papuhia ana. Mō te maha o ngā hauwaiwai māmā me ngā tono wai pāmahana teitei, kāore e kitea te turuturu nā te mea ka mura te wai hei kohu. I tetahi atu taha, mō ngā hinu whakahinuhinu taumaha ake, ka taea te ine i te reiti turuturu e whakaaetia ana mai i te 2 ki te 60 pata ia meneti.

Ina nui ake te turuturu i ēnei tumanakohanga taketake, ina rerekē ohorere rānei te āhua o te turuturu, he tohu tēnei kua pakaru ngā mata hiri, ngā wāhanga hiri tuarua rānei. Kei te ripanga i raro nei te rerekētanga i waenga i te kaha wai noa me ngā tohu rahunga whakamutunga.

Ngā Take Tāutanga me te Whakaritenga

Ahakoa te hiri pūkaha o te papu toremi tino pakari rawa atu, ka pakaru wawe tonu mēnā ka tāutahia he hē, ka kore rānei e tino pai te whakaritenga pūkaha. Ko te whakawhiti mai i te huihuinga pūmau ki te mahi hihiri me tino piri ki ngā ātete āhuahanga. Ina hipa atu i ēnei ātete, kāore e taea e ngā mata hiri te pupuri i te whakaritenga whakarara e tika ana mō te kiriata wai pumau, ka arahi ki te pa atu ā-rohe, te tere o te pakaru, me te tere o te turuturu.

Ngā kaihanga papu mengā OEM hiriMe tautuhi i ngā whakaritenga āhuahanga tika me manatoko i mua atu, ā, i te wā o te tāutanga. Ko te kore aro ki ēnei whakaritenga āhuahanga tētahi o ngā tino take o te mate o ngā pēpi i roto i ngā hiri miihini, ā, he maha ngā wā ka puta he turuturu kino i roto i ngā haora 48 tuatahi o te whakamahinga.

Te Tāutanga Hē o te Hiri

He maha ngā hapa tukanga e pā ana ki te tāutanga hē o te hiri i te wā e huihui ana te papu. Ko tētahi o ngā tawhā tino nui ko te roa o te mahi a te hiri. Mena ka hē te hiri i te hiri ki runga i te pou, kangā puna, ngā pupuhi rāneikāore e whakarato i te kaha kati tika. Mēnā he rerekētanga o te +/- 0.015 inihi (0.38 mm) noa iho i te roa mahi kua tohua, ka kore pea e ranea te pēhanga o te mata, ka taea ai e te kiriata wai te pupuhi i ngā mata, ka nui rawa rānei te pēhanga, ka whakangaro i te kiriata wai, ka puta ai te wera nui.

Hei tāpiri atu, ko te whakahaere hē o ngā wāhanga hiri ka whakararu i te kounga o te papu i mua i te tīmatanga. Mā te pā atu ki ngā mata hiri kua hiritia me ngā ringaringa kau ka whakawhitia ngā hinu me ngā matūriki, ka whakararuraru i te papatahi moroiti e hiahiatia ana mō te hiri. Ki te kore e whakakīkīhia ngā tīwiri o te kara taraiwa kia ōrite, ka kore e tapawhā te huihuinga hurihuri, ā, ki te pēhia, ki te hurihia rānei ngā mowhiti-O tuarua i te wā e whakaurua ana ki runga i ngā pakihiwi o te pou, ka puta he ara turuturu tonu i te ringaringa.

Te Hē o te Tūnga, te Taumahatanga o te Paipa, me te Waewae Ngāwari

Ka horapa te whakaritenga ā-mīhini ki tua atu i ngā wāhanga o roto o te papu ki te papu katoa me te pūnaha taraiwa motuka. Mēnā he te whakaritenga i waenga i te papu me ngā toki motuka, ka puta he kaha nui ki te taha radial me te taha tuaka ka tukuna tika ki te hiri miihini. Ahakoa ka taea e ngā hononga ngāwari te whakauru i ngā hapa iti, kāore e whakakore i ngā kaha i tukuna ki te toki papu. E ai ki ngā paerewa ahumahi, kaua te rere o te toki e neke ake i te 0.002 inihi te Pānui Tohu Katoa (TIR) ​​i te mata o te hiri.

Haunga te hē o te tūnga o te pou, ka tino whakapōturitia te anga o te papu e te taumahatanga o ngā paipa me ngā āhuatanga o te waewae ngohengohe. Ina akiakihia ngā paipa taumaha ki te hono atu ki ngā flanges papu me te kore he tautoko tika, ka takahuri te anga, ka nekehia te repe hiri tūmau e pā ana ki te pou e hurihuri ana. Nā tēnei hē o te tūnga o te pou ka akiaki i ngā mata hiri kia puare, kia kati paku hoki i ia hurihanga, he āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana ko te 'aroturuki mata'. I ngā tere motuka paerewa pēnei i te 3,600 RPM, kāore e taea e ngā mata hiri te urupare tere kia noho kati tonu, ka hua ake he turuturu nui. Ka taea e te aroturuki wiri te kite i ēnei take, me ngā rohe wiri whānui e whakaaetia ana e heke ana i raro i te 0.15 inihi/hekona RMS mō ngā papu centrifugal hauora.

Ngā Take o te Āhua Whakahaere

Ko te taiao mahi i roto i te anga papu te mea e whakatau tika ana i te roa o te hiri ā-ringa o te papu tohanga. Ko ngā rerekētanga o te tukanga, ngā huringa tukanga, me ngā peka ketanga mai i ngā wāhi hoahoa waipēhi kua whakaritea mō te papu ka hanga he āhuatanga kino e whakaiti ana i ngā mata hiri me ngā elastomers tuarua. Ka whakawhirinaki katoa te hiri ā-ringa ki te wai i papuhia, ki te wai horoi o waho rānei mō te whakamatao me te whakahinuhinu; nō reira, kāore e taea te whiriwhiri i te pumau o te āhua o te wai.

Mā te whakahaere i tētahi papu toriti i waho o ōna tawhā kua whakaritea ka akiakihia te hiri miihini ki te mimiti i te taumahatanga o te kore pumau o te waipēhi. He mea nui te mōhio me te whakaiti i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere kino hei ārai i te turuturu wawe o te hiri.

Te Rere Maroke me te Hinu Kino

Ko te rere maroke pea te āhuatanga mahi tino kino rawa atu mō te hiri miihini o te papu porowhita. Ina ngaro te pūngao o te papu, ina mutu rānei te rere o te momi, ka ngaro te kiriata wai whakahinuhinu o ngā mata hiri. Ki te kore he whakahinuhinu, ka piki ake te tauwehenga o te waku i waenga i ngā mata hurihuri me ngā mata tūmau, ka hua ake te whakaputa wera tere me te tino wera. Ka taea e ngā pāmahana ā-rohe i ngā mata hiri te neke ake i te 400°F (204°C) i roto i ngā hēkona o te oma maroke.

Nā te pikinga ohorere o te wera ka whānui haere ngā mata o te hiri, ka puta he hē nui o te wera me te 'tirotiro wera'—he whatunga o ngā kapiti porowhita moroiti e horapa ana puta noa i te mata o te hiri. Kia oti te tirotiro wera, ka mahi ngā mata o te hiri pērā i ngā taputapu mira, ka tere te whakangaro tetahi i tetahi, ā, ka puta he turuturu nui ina whakahokia mai te wai. He mea nui te pupuri i te Upoko Momi Pai Kupenga (NPSHa) kia nui ake i te mea e hiahiatia ana (NPSHr) mā te tawhiti haumaru hei ārai i te kanapa me te rere maroke i ngā mata o te hiri.

Rere Hoahoa-Kāore, Wiri, me te Taumahatanga Wera

Mā te whakahaere i tētahi papu tohanga i tawhiti rawa atu i tōna Pūwāhi Pai Rawa (BEP) ka puta he koretake nui o te waipēhi. Ina mahi te papu i raro iho i te 60% o tōna BEP, ina tata rānei ki ngā āhuatanga mate-upoko, ka tino koretake te tohatoha pēhanga ā-roto huri noa i te impeller. Ka puta he kawenga pana nui i runga i te porowhita e whakahuri ana i te rakau papu nā tēnei koretake. Ka whakarerekē te hurihanga o te rakau i te āhua mahi o te hiri miihini, ka ārai i ngā mata kia noho papatahi, kia whakarara hoki.

Waihoki, ko te mahi i ngā āhuatanga oma (kei te taha matau rawa o te BEP) ka arahi pea ki te cavitation. Ko te pahūtanga o ngā mirumiru kohu i te wā o te cavitation ka whakaputa i ngā ngaru ru auau teitei, teitei-kaha e haere ana i roto i te rakau papu. Ka taea e tēnei wiri te pakaru i ngā mata hiri pakarukaru, pērā i te silicon carbide, te tungsten carbide rānei, ka wetekina ngā mowhiti-O hihiri. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā huringa tere o te pāmahana wai tukanga ka puta te ru wera, ka taea te whakapiko i ngā wāhanga hiri me te whakararu i te āputa tika e hiahiatia ana hei whakahaere i te turuturu.

Ngā Take Kōwhiringa Rauemi me te Mahere Hiri

Ko te whakaritenga o te hiri miihini papu tohanga he mea uaua ki te whakatau hangarau e pā ana ki te whakarewa, ngā huinga mata, ngā elastomer hiri tuarua, me ngā mana whakahaere taiao. Ko te kore e taurite i waenga i ngā rauemi hiri me te wai tukanga ka arahi tonu ki te pirau matū, te kakahu whakakoi, ā, i te mutunga, te turuturu. Ko te whiriwhiri tika i ngā rauemi me te mahere hiri me mārama whānui ki te hanganga matū o te wai, te pH, te matotoru, me te ihirangi matūriki.

Ko te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whirihoranga hiri paerewa, kua oti kē te hanga mō ngā whakamahinga matū kaha, tino motuhake rānei, he tino take nui tēnei o te rahunga o te hiri mau tonu. Me whakamahi ngā kaihangarau i ngā matrices hototahi taipitopito me ngā paerewa ahumahi, pērā i te API 682, kia pakari ai te mahi hiri.

Ngā Mata, ngā Elastomers, me ngā Wai Kāore e Hototahi

Ko ngā mata hiri me ngā elastomer kāore e hototahi ana te momo rahunga tuatahi i roto i ngā tono tukatuka matū. Mena kāore ngā huānga hiri tuarua (ngā mowhiti-O, ngā mowhiti-V, ngā gasket rānei) e hototahi ki te wai e pupuhihia ana, ka pupuhi, ka memeha, ka pakarukaru rānei. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i ngā mowhiti-O Nitrile paerewa i roto i te tono whakarewa pāmahana teitei ka tere te pupuhi me te whakaputa, ka arahi ki te turuturu tonu. Me tino whai hoki i ngā rohe pāmahana elastomer; ahakoa he pai te Viton (FKM) mō ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 400°F (204°C), ko ngā tono e neke ake ana i tēnei paepae me whakamahi i ngā Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) pērā i a Kalrez, ka taea te tu atu ki te 600°F (316°C).

He mea nui anō hoki te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi mata. Mā te pupuhi i ngā paru whakakoi me ngā mata waro-karāpiti paerewa ka tere te keri me te pakaru. I roto i ngā whakamahinga whakakoi, me whakamahi ngā huinga mata mārō-ki-mārō, pērā i te Silicon Carbide me te Silicon Carbide, hei ārai i te horo. Kei raro nei ngā rohe whakatairite o ngā rauemi noa.

Hiri Mīhini Takitahi, Takirua rānei

Ko te whakatau ki te whakamahi i tētahi whirihoranga hiri mīhini kotahi, takirua rānei (takirua) ka pā nui ki te whakahaere turuturu me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao.hiri miihini kotahie whakawhirinaki katoa ana ki te hua papu mō te whakahinuhinu, ā, ka tukuna he taumata o te kohu ki te āhuarangi. Ahakoa he pai mō ngā wai pai pēnei i te wai, ngā matū ngawari rānei, kāore e ranea ngā hiri kotahi mō ngā matū waro tino paitini, mura, kino rānei (VOC).

E rua ngā takirua mata hiri motuhake o ngā hiri miihini takirua, ā, e whakamahi ana i tētahi arai tuarua, i tētahi wai ārai rānei. I roto i tētahi whirihoranga hiri takirua pēhanga (API 682 Kāwai 2, 3 rānei), ka puritia te wai ārai i te pēhanga 15 ki te 30 psi teitei ake i te pēhanga o te pouaka whakakī o te papu. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia puta noa i ngā mata hiri o roto he wai ārai ma e tomo ana ki te tukanga, kaua ki te wai tukanga morearea e puta ana ki te hau. Ko te kore e tohu i tētahi hiri takirua mō ngā mahi morearea he ngoikoretanga nui ki te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga me te haumaru.

Ngā Raru Kōwhiringa Mahere Whakarerekē

Ahakoa ngā hiri miihini kua tohua tika, me whai pūnaha whakahaere taiao tika, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te mahere paipa API, ko te mahere horoi hiri rānei. Kua hangaia ēnei mahere hei whakahaere i te taiao huri noa i ngā mata hiri mā te whakahaere i te pāmahana, te pēhanga, me te ma o te wai. Ko tētahi take matua o te turuturu ko te whakamahinga hē, te rahi kore rānei o ēnei mahere horoi.

Hei tauira, kāore e whai hua te whakamahi i te Mahere API 11 (te hurihanga anō mai i te tukunga papu ki te hiri) mēnā kāore e ranea te rerekētanga pēhanga hei whakahaere i te rere tika. I te nuinga o te wā, me tere te rere o te 2 ki te 5 Karani ia Miniti (GPM) hei tango i te wera i puta mai i ngā mata hiri. Mēnā ka whakamahia he Mahere 32 (te horoi horoi o waho), me tino aroturuki te wai o waho; ki te motuhia te tuku o te Mahere 32 ka kore tonu te hiri miihini o te papu centrifugal e whiwhi hinu, ka tere ai te pakaru.

Te Tātaritanga me te Ārai

Ko te whakawhiti mai i te tinei ahi tauhohe ki te whakahaere pono matatau me whai huarahi pūnaha ki te tātaritanga me te aukati i te turuturu o te hiri miihini o te papu centrifugal. Mā te tātari i ngā hiri i rahua me te whakatinana i te aroturukitanga āhua pakari, ka taea e ngā tipu te tautuhi i ngā momo rahua motuhake me te hanga otinga kua tohua. Ko te whāinga he whakaroa i te Wā Tohatoha i waenganui i te Rahua (MTBF), me ngā hiri hou e tutuki ana i te API 682 e tumanakohia ana kia eke ki te MTBF neke atu i te 36 marama i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino pai.

Ko te tātaritanga whai hua e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakakotahitanga o te tātaritanga raraunga whakahaere, te tirotiro ā-kanohi o ngā wāhanga kua rahua, me te whakapau kaha ki te whakapai tonu mā roto i ngā rautaki tiaki ārai me ngā rautaki tiaki matapae.

Te Whakatau i te Tūmomo o te Hiri Mīhini

Ko te rapurongoā mō te turuturu o te hiri miihini ka tīmata mā te tirotiro ā-ture i ngā wāhanga hiri kua rahua. Ko ngā tauira kakahu i runga i ngā mata hiri tuatahi e whakarato ana i tētahi tuhinga hītori o ngā āhuatanga mahi i mua i te rahua. Hei tauira, ko te awaawa hohonu, ōrite i runga i te mata pakeke e tohu ana i te matūriki whakakoi i roto i te kiriata wai. I tetahi atu taha, ko te ara kakahu he whānui ake i te mata ke e tohu ana i te oma nui o te radial, te rahunga peara rānei.

Ka waiho e te raruraru wera ngā tohu motuhake, pērā i te pupuhi waro, te wāhi e uru ai ngā warowaihā ki roto i ngā pūwero o te mata waro, ka tere te horapa nā te wera, ka pupuhi i ngā poraka rauemi moroiti. Ko te 'coning' o ngā mata hiri—te wāhi e pā ana ki te diameter o roto, o waho rānei—e tohu ana i te hē o te pēhanga, i te piko rānei o te wera. Mā te tuhi pūnaha i ēnei tohu tirohanga me te hono atu ki ngā raraunga SCADA (pērā i te hekenga ohorere o te pēhanga, te pikinga rānei o te pāmahana), ka taea e ngā kaihangarau pono te tautuhi i te pūtake tuturu o te turuturu.

Ngā Whakatau Whakatika, Whakahou, Whakapai Ake rānei

Kia kitea te pūtake o te take, ka whakatau nui ngā kaiwhakahaere mō te whakatika, te whakahou, te whakapai ake rānei. Ko ngā whakatikatika paerewa, arā, ko te whakapiri i ngā mata o te hiri kia papatahi ki roto i te 2 ki te 3 ngā whitiki rama helium (tata ki te 0.00003 inihi) me te whakakapi i ngā elastomer, he iti te utu mō ngā hiri kua tae ki te mutunga o tō rātou huringa ora tūturu. Heoi, ki te pāngia te hiri e te pakaru roa, wawe tonu, mā te whakatika noa ka tautuhi anō i te karaka i te pakaru ōrite e whai ake nei.

Mēnā he pakaru tonu, ko te whakapai ake i te hoahoa hiri miihini o te papu tohanga te otinga roa rawa atu e whai hua ana mō te taha ōhanga. Mā te whakahou i te hiri wāhanga ki te hiri kātere ka tino whakaiti i ngā hapa tāutanga me te MTTR (Mean Time To Repair). Mō ngā tono tino uaua, ko te whakapai ake ki ngā whirihoranga motuhake, pērā i ngā hiri kore-pa kua pania ki te hinu hau, te whakamahi rānei i ngā āhua mata hangarau matatau (pērā i ngā awaawa wai-hiko kua mīhinihia e te laser), ka taea te whakakore katoa i ngā take turuturu wai, mena ka rite te whakapaunga whakapaipai ki te hiranga o te rawa.

Ngā Tikanga Pai mō te Tiaki Ārai

Ko te tiaki ārai te ārai tino pai mō te turuturu o te hiri mīhini. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakatū me te whakatinana i ngā ārai mahi tino pakari mō ia papu tohanga. He mea nui te mahi a ngā hangarau matapae i konei; ka taea e te aroturukitanga wiri tonu te kite i te pakaru o te peera me te piko o te toki i mua noa atu i te puta o ngā raruraru aroturuki mata hiri. Ka taea e te thermography te tautuhi i te wera ā-rohe huri noa i te repe hiri, e tohu ana i te ngaronga o te rere o te wai, i ngā āhuatanga rere maroke rānei e tata mai ana.

Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ko te whakangungu kaiwhakahaere he tūāpapa mō te tiaki ārai. Me whakangungu ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te whakaputa hau me te whakakī i ngā papu i mua i te tīmatanga, kia mōhio ki te tangi o te cavitation, me te karo i te whakawhāiti i ngā takirere momi papu. Mā te whakakotahi i te aroturukitanga āhua matatau me te whakahaere pakari, ka taea e ngā whare ahumahi te whakahaere i te taiao whakahaere, kia nui ake ai te pono me te roa o te ora o ā rātou hiri miihini papu centrifugal.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Me whakaaro he tohu whakatūpato te turuturu wai e kitea ana, nā te mea ko te tikanga ka tukuna he kiriata hinu moroiti noa iho, he kohu rānei e kore e kitea e te hiri miihini e mahi tika ana.
• Tirohia tuatahitia ngā āhuatanga whakahaere, nā te mea ka taea e te rere maroke, te pokanga, te pāmahana nui, me te pikinga pēhanga te whakangaro i ngā mata o te hiri ahakoa i tika te tāutanga.
• Tirohia te tūnga, te wiri, ngā peera, me te āhua o te ringaringa o te pou i mua i te whakakapi i te hiri, nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka puta ai ngā pakaru turuturu i te koretake o te miihini.
• Tātaitia ngā rauemi mata hiri, ngā elastomers, me te hoahoa hiri ki te wai e papuhia ana, te pāmahana, te pēhanga, me te nui o ngā totoka hei ārai i te whakaekenga matū me te pakaru wawe.
• Whakamahia he pūnaha horoi ma, he pūnaha ārai rānei ina hiahiatia, nā te mea ka taea e te poke me te kore whakamatao te whakatuwhera i ngā mata o te hiri, ka tere ake te turuturu.
• Tuhia ngā tumanakohanga turuturu noa mō ia ratonga papu kia taea ai e ngā tīma tiaki te wehewehe i ngā tohu turuturu e whakaaetia ana mai i ngā tohu pakaru tōmua.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha i turuturu ai ngā hiri ā-ringa o te papu centrifugal?

Ko te tikanga ka turuturu nā te mea ka ngaro te kiriata wai moroiti pumau o ngā mata hiri. Ko ngā take noa ko te rere maroke, te he o te tūnga, te wiri, te pokanga, te kōwhiringa hiri hē, te tāutanga ngoikore, te poke, me te pēhanga nui, te pāmahana nui rānei.

He mea noa te iti o te turuturu o te hiri miihini?

Āe. He iti noa te hekenga o te wai e taea ai te whakahinuhinu me te whakamatao i ngā hiri miihini katoa. I roto i te hiri hauora, he kohu e kore e kitea. Ko te maturuturunga iho e kitea ana, te rehu rānei, te pikinga ohorere rānei o te turuturu he tohu ia kei te whanake te pakaru.

He aha te auau turuturu o te hiri miihini e whakaaetia ana?

Kei te momo wai, te hoahoa hiri, te tere, te pēhanga, me ngā rauemi. Ko ētahi ratonga e tumanako ana kāore he turuturu e kitea ana, engari ko ngā hinu taumaha ka taea te tuku i te iti o te turuturu. Me tirotirohia tetahi turuturu i waho o ngā whakaritenga a te papu, a te kaiwhakarato hiri rānei.

Ka taea e te rere maroke te kino i te hiri miihini o te papu centrifugal?

Āe. Mā te rere maroke ka tangohia te kiriata hinu i waenganui i ngā mata hiri, ka tere te hanga wera, ka pakaru te mata, ka kino te elastomer, ka turuturu hoki. Me whakarite tika ngā papu, me whakapūhau, me tiaki hoki ki ngā mana whakahaere e tika ana.

He pēhea te pānga o te wiri ki te roa o te hiri ā-mīhini?

Ka whakararuraru te wiri nui i te tauira pa o te mata hiri, ā, ka kino pea ngā puna, ngā mata, ngā mowhiti-O, me ngā peera. He maha ngā wā e hono ana ki te pirau, te kore taurite, te hē o te tūnga, te pakaru o ngā peera, te mahi rānei i tawhiti atu i te pūwāhi pai rawa atu o te papu.