Me pēhea te āwhina a ngā hiri o te pere whakarewa ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau mai i ngā ahumahi?

Kupu Whakataki

Kua noho te whakahaere i ngā tukunga rere hei take hoahoa nui mō ngā tipu e whakahaere ana i ngā VOC me ngā wai tukanga morearea, inā koa i te taha o ngā papu me ngā compressors kei reira te nuinga o te turuturu. Ka whakatikahia tēnei raruraru e ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa mā te whakakapi i ngā wāhanga hihiri ka ngawari te rahunga ki tētahi huānga hiri kua whakarewaina, ngāwari e mahi pono ana i raro i te wera, te pēhanga, me te ratonga matū kaha. E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga me pēhea te āwhina a taua hoahoa ki te whakaiti i ngā reiti turuturu, te tautoko i te tutuki i ngā paerewa tukunga kaha ake, me te whakapai ake i te pono o ngā taputapu i te wā kotahi. E whakamārama ana hoki i te wāhi e pai ai te noho o ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa, he aha i maha ai te pai ake o ā rātou hiri miihini tikanga, me ngā mea me whakaaro e ngā kaihangarau ina aromatawaihia ana mō ngā rautaki whakaiti tukunga.

Te Whakaiti a ngā Hiri Whakarewa i ngā Tukunga Ahumahi

Kei te aro nui haere ngā whare tukatuka ahumahi ki te tirotiro i ō rātou tapuwae taiao, me ngā anga ture e whakahau ana i ngā mana whakahaere pakari mō ngā matū waro mimiti (VOC) me ngā poke hau kino (HAP). Ko ngā taputapu hurihuri, inā koa ko ngā papu me ngā compressor centrifugal, e 60% o ngā tukunga rere i roto i ngā wā o mua.ngā tipu matū me te hinuKo te aro atu ki ēnei pūwāhi turuturu he aratohu hangarau matua mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga me te whai huatanga o te whakahaere.

Ko ngā hangarau hiri matatau te huarahi tino whai hua hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau i roto i ngā taputapu. I roto i ēnei hangarau, ka tukuna e ngā hiri whakarewa he otinga tino hangarau hei whakakore i ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā tikanga hiri tuku iho. Mā te whakarerekē i te atanga hiri hihiri, ka whakaratohia e tēnei hangarau he ārai pakari ki ngā tukunga hau e rere ana, ahakoa i roto i ngā tono wai pūngāwerewere, pāmahana teitei.

He aha te hiranga o te whakahaere tukunga rerenga

He nui te kawenga taiao me te nama pūtea mō ngā kaiwhakahaere ahumahi nā ngā tukunga rerenga. Kua whakaitihia e ngā paerewa ture, pērā i te Tikanga 21 a te EPA me te paerewa hiri miihini API 682, ngā reiti turuturu e whakaaetia ana. Ahakoa i whakaaetia e ngā paepae o mua ngā turuturu tae atu ki te 10,000 wāhanga ia miriona mā te rōrahi (ppmv), he maha ngā wā ka herea e ngā ture hou ngā tukunga VOC ki raro iho i te 500 ppmv, me ngā ture ā-rohe e pana ana ki ngā rohe iti iho i te 100 ppmv.

Ki te kore e mau tonu ēnei paepae pakari, ka hua ake he whiu pūtea nui, he whakapikinga nui hoki o te kaupapa Kimi me te Whakatika Tutuki (LDAR) ā-ture, ā-utu nui hoki, me te ngaronga ōhanga tika o ngā wai tukanga. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā tukunga kino kāore i te pehia ka puta he mōrearea nui ki te haumaru mahi, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā hanganga huri noa mā te waikura tere. Nō reira, ko te whakapai ake ki te hangarau hiri kore-tukunga, iti-tukunga rānei, ehara i te mea hei whakapai ake i te pono, engari he whakaritenga taketake mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.

Te whakaiti i ngā ara turuturu e ngā hiri pupuhi

Ngā hiri miihini tuku ihoe whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā huānga hiri tuarua hihiri—ko ngā mowhiti-O elastomeric te nuinga—me paheke i te taha o te rakau papu hei utu mō te pakaru o te mata hiri me te whānui o te wera. Ka hangaia e tēnei nekehanga hihiri he ngoikoretanga tuatahi: i te whakapakeketanga o te elastomer, i te pakarutanga rānei o te mata o te rakau, ka puta ngā ara turuturu moroiti, ka taea ai e ngā VOC te mawhiti ki te āhuarangi.

Ka whakakorea katoatia tēnei ara turuturu tuarua hihiri e ngā hiri whakarewa. Ka mahi te matua o te pupuhi hei pūnaha puna me te hiri tuarua, e hiri pūmau ana ki te pou, ki te ringaringa rānei, i te mea e piko ana hei whakauru i te nekehanga o te mata. Nā te mea he hiri pūmau te huihuinga pupuhi, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he elastomer reti, ka whakakorea te awa tuatahi mō ngā tukunga rere. Mā tēnei atanga hiri tuarua pūmau ka whakarite ko te pūwāhi turuturu anake ka puta i ngā mata hiri tuatahi kua tino orohia, ka taea te whakahaere mā roto i ngā āhua mata matatau me ngā pūnaha wai ārai.

He aha ngā hiri o te Bellows Metal, me te wāhi e pai ai rātou

Ko ngā hiri whakarewa he momo hiri miihini kore-pana i hangaia mō ngā taiao e pakaru ana ngā wāhanga elastomeric paerewa. He kaha motuhake ēnei ki te pupuri i te pono o te hiri puta noa i ngā whānuitanga mahi tino nui, me te whakahaere tonu i ngā pāmahana wai mai i ngā iti o te -75°C ki ngā pāmahana tino nui neke atu i te 400°C me te kore e pakaru e pā ana ki ngā hiri tuarua e hangai ana ki te polymer.

Mā te whakauru i te mahi hiri tuarua me te tikanga uta miihini ki roto i tētahi wāhanga kotahi, he mea hanga ki te konganuku katoa, ka whakaratohia e ēnei hiri he taiao hiri tino pumau, ā, ka taea te matapae. Mā tēnei whakakotahitanga o ngā wāhanga, ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te tūponotanga o ngā hapa huihuinga, engari ka whakaiti hoki i te tūponotanga o te kore hototahi matū e pā kino ana ki ngā hiri pana maha-wāhanga.

Te hanga me te whakarewa i ngā hiri o te pupuhi

Te tukanga hangae whakatau ana i ngā rohe mahi me ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te pūwero. Ko ngā tikanga hanga matua e rua ko te whakarewa taha me te hanga wai. Ka hangaia ngā pūwero taha mā te tā i ngā diaphragm tika mai i ngā pepa koranu angiangi—mai i te 0.10 mm ki te 0.25 mm te matotoru—me te whakarewa i ngā diameter o roto me waho hei hanga i te matua piko. Mā tēnei tikanga ka taea te roa o te whiu, te ngāwari pai, me te tohatoha ahotea tino pai puta noa i ngā hononga whakarewa.

Ko ngā pupuhi hau kua hangaia, i tētahi atu taha, ka hangaia mā te pēhi waipēhi i tētahi ngongo whakarewa angiangi ki roto i tētahi kōtaha kōpikopiko. Ahakoa he iti ake te utu o ngā pupuhi hau kua hangaia, ā, kāore he hononga whakarewa, he nui ake te tere puna me te iti o te haere tuaka i ērā atu i ērā i whakarewahia ki te taha. Mō ngā tono ahumahi mahi teitei e hiahiatia ana te uta mata tika me te ngāwari mōrahi hei ārai i ngā tukunga, ko ngā pupuhi hau kua whakarewahia ki te taha tonu te paerewa ahumahi.

Te rerekētanga o ēnei i ngā hiri miihini tuku iho

Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā hiri whakarewa me ngā hiri miihini pana noa kei roto i te āhua o te hiri tuarua e whakauru ana i ngā nekehanga o te toki. Ka whakamahia e ngā hiri pana he mowhiti-O hihiri kua utaina ki te puna, me pana ā-tinana i te toki. Ko tēnei mahi reti ka arahi tonu ki te wiri o te toki—he āhuatanga kakahu ā-rohe e whakakoi ana i te toki, ka hanga i ngā awa turuturu tuturu, ā, me whakakapi te toki i te utu nui.

Ka noho pūmau tonu ngā hiri o te pūwero whakarewa kore-pana ki te ringaringa o te pou, mā te whakamahi i te whakarerekētanga pīngore o ngā piko whakarewa hei pupuri i te pa o te mata. Mā tēnei ka kore rawa e pā te wiri o te pou, ā, ka tangohia te tūponotanga o te "whakairi" o te hiri, he āhuatanga e piri ai te mowhiti-O hihiri i roto i ngā paru, i ngā wai polymerized rānei, ka wehea ngā mata o te hiri tuatahi, ka puta ai he turuturu kino.

Ngā Take Hoahoa Matua mō te Mahi a te Hiri

Ko te arotau i ngā hiri o ngā pere whakarewa me whai tātaritanga pakari o te taiao tukanga motuhake. Nā te mea he wāhanga hanganga, he wāhanga hihiri hoki te matua o te pere, me āta whakataurite tōna hoahoa i te ngāwari mō te aroturuki mata ki te kaha miihini e hiahiatia ana hei tu atu i ngā pēhanga pūnaha. Ko ngā pere paerewa he mea whakarewa taha kotahi te paparanga te tikanga he pono te mahi tae atu ki te 20 ki te 25 pae, ko ngā whirihoranga maha-paparanga motuhake kua hangaia hei tu atu i ngā pēhanga neke atu i te 60 pae.

Ko te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā āhuatanga whakarewa, te tribology rauemi mata, me ngā hihiri whakahaere e whakatau ana i te pono me te kaha pupuri tukunga o te huihuinga hiri.

Te pānga o te pēhanga, te pāmahana, te pāpāho, me te nekehanga o te pou ki te kōwhiringa

He tino whakawhirinaki te whanonga ā-pūkaha o te pūtake o te pupuhi ki te pēhanga me te pāmahana o te pūnaha. Ka taea e ngā pēhanga teitei te whakararu i te kore pumau o te pupuhi, te "ngoikore" rānei, e hiahiatia ana he rauemi matotoru ake, he hoahoa maha-papa rānei, e whakanui ana i te tere o te puna me te whakaiti i te ngāwari o te tuaka. Me tatau e ngā kaihangarau te kōtaha piko pai rawa atu kia mau tonu ai te kaha kati ōrite ki ngā mata hiri me te kore e hipa i ngā rohe ngenge o te konganuku.

He mea nui anō hoki ngā āhuatanga o te pāpāho me te nekehanga o te pou. Ka taea e ngā wai matotoru, ngā wai tioata rānei te tākai ki roto i ngā piko o ngā pupuhi, ka aukati i te nekehanga. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ka tohua ngā hoahoa piko whānui hei whakahaere i te horoi-ā-ia anō. Hei tāpiri, ko te nekehanga nui rawa o te pou tuaka, ko te rere radial rānei, ka taea te whakararu i ngā pupuhi ki ngā ahotea piko huringa, ka tere ake te ngenge o te konganuku mena ka nui ake te whiu i ngā manawanui hangarau o te hoahoa pupuhi motuhake.

Ko ēhea rauemi me ngā huinga mata e whakapai ake ana i te pono

Ko te kōwhiringa whakarewa te mea e whakatau ana i ngā rohe mahi me te ātete waikura o te hiri. He maha ngā wā ka hangaia ngā pupuhi paerewa mai i te maitai kore waikura AM350, e tuku ana i te taurite taketake o te kaha me te āheinga whakarewa. Mō ngā taiao matū kaha, mō ngā pāmahana teitei rānei, ka tohua ngā koranu nikara-teitei pērā i te Koranu C-276, te Koranu 718 rānei hei ārai i te pakaru waikura ahotea me te pupuri i te kaha kume i ngā kawenga wera teitei.

He mea nui anō hoki ngā rauemi mata hiri matua mō te whakaiti i ngā tukunga. Ko ngā huinga mata mārō-ki-mārō, pērā i te Silicon Carbide (SiC) e hurihuri ana ki te Tungsten Carbide (WC), ka whakarato i te ātete kakahu tino pai i roto i ngā tono whakakoi. Heoi, mō ngā wai he iti te hinu whakahinuhinu, ko te mata Silicon Carbide e rere ana ki te mata tūmau Carbon Graphite ātete-pupuhi ka whakarato i te tauwehenga waku iti ake, ka whakaiti i te whakaputanga wera me te aukati i te mimiti wai ā-rohe ka taea te takahi i te arai tukunga.

Te whakataurite i te utu o te huringa ora me te mahi turuturu

Ahakoa he nui ake te whakapaunga whakapaipai tuatahi o ngā hiri pana-taha ki te whakataurite ki ngā hiri pana elastomeric paerewa, he tino pai ake te mahi turuturu o tō rātou huringa ora i roto i ngā tono uaua. He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā hiri pana e te pirau elastomer, ka piki haere te tukunga me te hiahia kia whakakapia i ia 12 ki te 18 marama.

He rerekē, mā te hiri whakarewa kua tohua tika e mahi ana i roto i ōna tawhā hoahoa ka taea te whakaroa i te Wā Tohatoha i waenganui i ngā Rahunga (MTBF) ki te 36 ki te 60 marama. Ehara i te mea ka whakaheke noa i te utu tīmatanga teitei ake tēnei huringa ora roa engari ka whakarite hoki kia noho tonu ngā taputapu i roto i ngā paepae ture taiao pakari, ka karo i ngā whiu LDAR me ngā utu e pā ana ki ngā motuhanga tiaki kore i whakamaheretia.

Me pēhea te Tautuhi, te Tāuta, me te Tiaki i ngā Hiri o te Bellows

Ko ngā painga ariā o ngā hiri whakarewa ka kitea anake mā te piripono ki ngā whakaritenga pakari, te tāutanga, me ngā tikanga hoko. Ka ngāwari te whakakore i te hangarau tika mā te whakahaere hē, te kore rānei e tika te tūnga o ngā taputapu. E kī ana ngā paerewa ahumahi me pupuri tonu ngā taputapu hurihuri i ngā ātete miihini pakari; hei tauira, ko ngā whakaritenga API 682 Kāwai 2 me te 3 e kī ana kaua e neke ake te piko o te pou i te mata o te hiri i te 0.05 mm i raro i te kawenga hihiri.

Mā te whakatū i tētahi huarahi paerewa mō te tautuhi me te tāuta i ēnei hiri ka whakarite kia tino tutukihia ngā kaha o te hangarau pupuhi hau ki te pupuri tukunga i te mara.

Me pēhea te tautuhi i ngā hiri mō te tono

Me hangai ngā tikanga whakaritenga ki ngā paerewa ahumahi kua whakamanahia, arā, ko te API 682, ina koa ko ngā pupuhi whakarewa e whakarōpūtia ana i raro i ngā whirihoranga Momo B (pupu hurihuri) Momo C rānei (pupu tūmau). Me tautuhi e ngā kaihangarau ngā āhuatanga wai tuturu, ngā tawhā pēhanga mamaoa, me ngā whakawhiti wera ka pā ki te hiri.

He mea nui anō hoki te whakatakotoranga o te mahere horoi āpiti. Ko te whakamahi i ngā mahere paipa API—pērā i te Mahere 11 mō te horoi i ngā rūma hiri, te Mahere 52/53A rānei mō ngā pūnaha wai arai hiri takirua—he mea nui mō te whakahaere i te taiao wera huri noa i ngā mata hiri. I roto i ngā tono kore-tukunga e uru ana ki ngā HAP tino paitini, ko te tohu i tētahi hiri pupuhi pehanga takirua (Mahere 53A) ka whakamanahia ko tetahi turuturu pea puta noa i ngā mata tuatahi he wai arai kore mahi, kaua ko te pāpāho tukanga morearea.

Te pānga o te tāutanga me te whakatūnga ki te mahi

Ngā whirihoranga hiri kāterekua whakapūmau i te nuinga o te wā i te tukanga tāutanga, me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki te huihuinga taumata-wāhanga. Kua huihuia mua ngā hiri o ngā pupuhi kātereti, ā, kua whakatakotoria i mua i te wheketere, kia mōhio ai kei te pēhia te matua o te pupuhi ki tōna roa mahi tika—ko te tikanga me 3 ki te 5 mm te pēhanga mahi hei whakaputa i te kaha kati mata tika.

I te wā e whakatūtūria ana, me manatoko e ngā kaiwhakahaere te tūnga o ngā taputapu, me te whakarite kei roto i ngā paerewa pakari te rere koki me te rere whakarara. Mā te tango wawe i ngā topenga tautuhinga i mua i te herenga katoa o te kātere ki te anga papu ka rerekē te pēhanga o te puna, ka puta ai te turuturu tere o te mata, te ngoikore tere rānei o ngā porowhita whakarewa i te tīmatanga.

Me pēhea te aromatawai i ngā kaiwhakarato me ngā paearu hoko

Ko te hoko i ngā hiri hihiri tino hangarau me whai tohu matatau mai i te kaihoko. Me tirotirohia e ngā kaiaromatawai ngā tukanga whakahaere kounga a te kaihanga, inā koa mō te pono o te whakarewa. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaiwhakarato matua ngā tikanga whakarewa moroiti-plasma aunoa, laser rānei, ā, ka whakamanahia ia matua pupuhi mā te whakamahi i te ine papatipu helium, e whakamātautau ana i ngā reiti turuturu ki raro ki te $1 \times 10^{-8}$ atm cc/hekona.

Me whakahau hoki ngā paearu hoko i te āheinga whānui ki te whai i ngā rauemi. Me whakarato e ngā kaiwhakarato ngā tiwhikete rauemi EN 10204 3.1 mō ngā wāhanga whakarewa katoa kua mākūhia hei manatoko i te hanganga o te koranu. He mea nui anō hoki te aromatawai i te kaha o te kaihoko ki te mahi i te whakatauira hihiri me te whakarato tautoko hangarau ā-rohe mō te pono mō te wā roa me te tutuki i ngā tukunga.

Ina tukuna e ngā hiri o te bellows te hokinga pai rawa atu

He onge te whai hua o te whakamahi i ngā hiri whakarewa puta noa i tētahi whare katoa nā te utu nui o te hangarau. Ko te whakatinanatanga rautaki me whakarite i ngā kaha whakahaere o te hiri ki ngā āhuatanga uaua o te pono me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te whare. Ko te whakamārama ōhanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi tirohanga whānui o te whakahaere i te huringa ora o ngā rawa, ina neke atu i te $10,000 ia hāora te utu o te wā whakatā i roto i ngā whare tukatuka tonu pērā i ngā whare hanga hinu me ngā whare hanga hinu.ngā tipu hanga matū.

Mā te arotahi ki ngā rawa tino nui, tino mōrearea, te pono

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Ngā whakatau me ngā take matua mō ngā hiri o ngā pere whakarewa
• Ngā whakaritenga, ngā whakaritenga, me ngā arowhai mōrearea e tika ana kia whakamanahia i mua i tō whakaae
• Ngā mahi whai muri me ngā whakatūpato ka taea e ngā kaipānui te tono tonu

Ngā Pātai Auau

Me pēhea te whakaiti a ngā hiri o te pupuhi whakarewa i ngā tukunga mai i ngā ahumahi?

Ka tangohia e rātou te ara turuturu o te mowhiti-O hihiri e kitea ana i roto i ngā hiri pana. Ka mahi te pupuhi hei puna me te hiri tuarua, hei āwhina i ngā papu ki te pupuri i ngā VOC me ngā wai kino kia pai ake te whai hua.

Āhea ahau me whiriwhiri i te hiri pupuhi whakarewa hei utu mō te hiri pupuhi elastomer?

Kōwhiria ngā pūwero whakarewa mō ngā pāmahana teitei, te huringa wera, ngā matū kaha, ngā wai rānei ka whakapakeke i ngā elastomer. He whai hua ēnei mō ngā mahi papu iti-tukunga tino kaha.

Ko ēhea ngā ahumahi e tino whai hua ana mai i ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa?

Ko ngā tipu matū, petrochemical, hinu me te hau, hiko, keri maina, moana, me te wai te nuinga o ngā painga, inā koa ka taea e ngā papu te whakahaere i ngā take e pā ana ki ngā pāpāho wera, pūngāwerewere, morearea rānei me ngā tukunga.

Ka taea e Victor Seals te tuku hiri pupuhi whakarewa mō te whakakapinga papu OEM?

Āe. Ka whakaratohia e Victor Seals ngā pupuhi whakarewa me ētahi atu hiri miihini hei whakakapinga me te tiaki e hototahi ana ki te OEM, tae atu ki te tautoko i ngā waitohu pēnei i a Grundfos, IMO, Flygt, Alfa Laval, me Allweiler.

He aha ngā mahi tiaki e āwhina ana i ngā hiri o ngā pere whakarewa kia iti ai te tukunga?

Tirohia te āhua o te mata o te hiri, te rere o te toki, ngā mahere horoi, me te pāmahana whakahaere. Whakamahia ngā rahinga tāutanga tika, ā, whakakapia wawetia ngā ringaringa kua tawhito, ngā mowhiti honohono rānei kia kore ai e turuturu.