Me pēhea te ārai a ngā hiri ā-ringa o ngā pere whakarewa i te turuturu, me te kore tukunga?

Kupu Whakataki

Ehara i te mea ko ngā rauemi hiri anake te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hoahoa hiri, engari ko te ārai i te turuturu o ngā taputapu hurihuri. Ko te hiri miihini o ngā pere whakarewa ka aro ki tētahi o ngā wāhi pakaru tino noa o ngā hiri tuku iho mā te whakakapi i ngā elastomers hihiri ki tētahi pere whakarewa ngāwari e pupuri ana i te kawenga mata i raro i ngā āhuatanga uaua. Nā tēnei ka tino whai hua rātou i roto i ngā ratonga pāmahana teitei, waikura, me te tairongo ki ngā tukunga, ahakoa he iti noa te turuturu ka pā ki te haumaru, te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, me te wā mahi. Mā te mārama ki te mahi a ēnei hiri ka āwhina i te whakamārama he aha i whiriwhiria ai rātou mō ngā whāinga kore-tukunga pakari, me ngā painga e tukuna ana e rātou i runga i ngā whakaritenga hiri pana tuku iho i roto i ngā taiao mahi tūturu.

He aha te Hiranga o ngā Hiri Ā-ringa o ngā Pūwero Whakarewa hei Ārai i te Tūkino

I roto i te ao houngā pūnaha whakahaere wai, ko te whakatutuki i te kore tukunga rere me te whakanui ake i te pono o ngā taputapu he whāinga matua mā ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu. Kua puta ake ngā hiri miihini o ngā pupuhi whakarewa hei hangarau hiri whakamutunga mō ngā tono pāmahana teitei, waikura nui, me te taiao tairongo. He rerekē ki ngā hiri pana tuku iho, e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi elastomer tuarua hihiri hei whakauru i te kakahu mata me te nekehanga o te rakau, ka whakamahia e ngā pupuhi whakarewa he matua whakarewa tonu, ngāwari. Mā tēnei nekehanga hoahoa taketake ka whakakorea te ngoikoretanga tuatahi o ngā hiri paerewa: te mowhiti-O hihiri.

Mā te tango i te elastomer reti,ngā hiri miihini whakarewaka ārai i te wiri o te pou, ka whakakore hoki i te pirau o te elastomer i puta mai i te huringa wera nui. Mā tēnei painga hanganga ka taea e ngā whare tukatuka te pana i ngā rohe mahi me te piri tonu ki ngā ture taiao e kaha haere ana, e huri ana i tētahi wāhanga miihini hei rawa nui mō te tutuki i ngā ture me te haere tonu o te mahi.

Te tūranga i roto i te whakahaere me te pono o ngā tukunga

Ko te kaupapa matua o te kaupapa kia kore rawa he tukunga i roto i te tukatuka warowaihā me te hanga matū he mea whakahaere nui e ngā tari taiao o te ao katoa. I raro i ngā anga pēnei i te Tikanga 21 a te United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ka whiua rawatia ngā whare mō ngā turuturu o ngā matū waro hāora (VOC) e neke atu ana i ngā paepae iti iho i te 500 wāhanga ia miriona (ppm). I ngā rohe kino kāore e tutuki, ka taea e ngā rohe whakahaere kounga hau ā-rohe te whakatinana i ngā here ki raro ki te 100 ppm.

He mea nui te mahi a ngā hiri miihini o ngā pupuhi whakarewa hei pupuri i te tutuki i ēnei herenga pakari. Nā te mea kua hiritia te matua o ngā pupuhi mā te whakarewa tika, kāore he ara turuturu hihiri tuarua. Mā tēnei whakaritenga hiri tuarua pumau ka noho tonu ngā tukunga rere i raro i ngā paepae ture, ka whakapai ake i te pono whānui me te wā waenga i waenga i ngā rahunga (MTBF) o ngā taputapu hurihuri.

Te wāhi e tukuna ai e rātou te uara ka taea te ine

Ka kitea te uara ine o ngā hiri miihini o te pūwero whakarewa i roto i ngā tono e kore ai e angitu ngā elastomers tuku iho. I roto i ngā mahi whakapai ake hinu, inā koa i roto i te tukatuka raro-o-te-para, ngā wai whakawhiti wera, me te hanga uku, ka neke ake te pāmahana papu i te 200°C (392°F) ā, ka eke ki runga ake i te 400°C (752°F). I ēnei taumata teitei, ka ngaro te kaha miihini o ngā perfluoroelastomers matatau.

Hei tāpiri atu, i roto i ngā tono e ngāwari ana ki te whakakorikori, ki te whakatio rānei, ko te korenga o te mowhiti-O retireti ka ārai i te hiri kei "tārewa" ki runga i te rakau. Ina totoka ngā wai tukanga i te wā e pāngia ana e te hau, ka piri te mowhiti-O hihiri o te hiri pana, ka arahi ki te wehenga mata tonu me te turuturu kino. Ko te hiri tuarua tūmau o te hoahoa pupuhi whakarewa ka karo katoa i tēnei aratau rahunga, ka roa ake te wā mahi o te papu mā ngā mano hāora mahi, ā, ka puta he hokinga tere ki te haumi ahakoa he nui ake te utu hoko tuatahi.

Te Ārai i te turuturu e ngā Hiri Ā-ringa o ngā Pūwero Whakarewa

Ko te tikanga matua e ārai ai ngā hiri miihini o ngā pupuhi whakarewa i te turuturu, e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō rātou kaha ki te pupuri i te kawenga mata pai me te ōrite i raro i ngā āhuatanga hihiri rerekē. Ka mahi tahi te wae pupuhi hei puna, hei huānga hiri hihiri, hei tuku taipana hoki. Mā tēnei hoahoa maha-mahi ka whakangawari i te hoahoa hiri, ā, ka whakakorea te waku ā-roto e whakararu ana i te aroturuki mata i roto i ngā hiri paerewa.

Ngā āhuatanga hoahoa hei whakaiti i te turuturu

Ko te uho o te hangarau ko te kāpūru pupuhi i whakarewahia ki te taha. He mea hanga tēnei wāhanga mai i tētahi raupapa o ngā diaphragm whakarewa kua tohua tika, arā, ko ngā "rau", he matotoru mai i te 0.10 ki te 0.15 mm. Ka whakarewahia ēnei rau ki te moroiti-plasma, ki te laser rānei i ō rātou diameter o roto, o waho hoki hei hanga i tētahi piko ngāwari.

Mā tēnei hoahoa whakapiri taha ka taea te huri i te puna kia ōrite ki te 360-tohu, kia mau tonu ai te whakarara o ngā mata hiri tuatahi, kia piri tonu hoki, ahakoa tepūwero papuka pāngia e te piko iti o te porowhita, e te takaro tuaka rānei. Mā te tango i ngā puna me ngā mowhiti-O hihiri ka tangohia te hysteresis miihini, ko te tikanga ka taea e te mata hiri te urupare wawe ki ngā wiri o te pou me te kore e rite ki te waku tō e puta ai te turuturu i roto i ngā hiri tikanga.

Te pānga o ngā āhuatanga mahi ki te hiri

Ko ngā āhuatanga mahi, inā koa te pēhanga me te pāmahana, e whakatau tika ana i ngā rohe mahi o ngā pupuhi. Ko ngā pupuhi whakarewa kotahi-papa paerewa ka whakatauhia mō ngā pēhanga tukanga tae atu ki te 20 ki te 25 pae (290 ki te 360 ​​psi). Mō ngā tono paipa pēhanga teitei, whāngai poiha rānei, ka taea te hanga i ngā pupuhi whakakikoruatia, maha-papa rānei kia tu atu i ngā pēhanga neke atu i te 60 pae (870 psi) me te kore e piko.

Ka pāngia hoki te mahi whakarewa o te pūtake o te pūwero e ngā rerekētanga pāmahana. I te pikinga ake o te pāmahana, ka heke te modulus o te ngāwari o te whakarewa, ka whakarerekē mārire i te kawenga o te mata. Ka whakatikatikahia tēnei e ngā tīma hangarau mā te whiriwhiri i ngā koranu nikara-teitei me te tatau tika i te huinga kōpeketanga, kia mau tonu ai te kaha kati o te hiri ahakoa kei te whakahaerehia i ngā pāmahana cryogenic o te -75°C, i te wera nui rānei tae atu ki te 425°C.

Ngā momo rahunga e pā ana ki te turuturu

Ahakoa he tino pakari, kāore ngā hiri miihini o ngā pupuhi whakarewa e ārai i te pakaru mēnā ka hē te whakamahinga. Ko te ngenge hurihuri te momo pakaru matua; mēnā he tino teitei te matotoru o te wai, mēnā rānei he maroke te whakahaere o te papu, ka taea e te waku i ngā mata o te hiri te whakaputa i te taipana e nui ake ana i te kaha kutikuti o ngā whakarewa pupuhi, ka pakaru ai ngā piko.

Ko tētahi atu momo rahunga e pā ana ki te turuturu ko te pakaru waikura ahotea pūhaumāota (CSCC). Mēnā ka whakamahia te whakarewa koretake, pērā i te maitai kore waikura raupapa 300 paerewa, i roto i te taiao tote pāmahana teitei, i te taiao whai pūhaumāota rānei, ka horapa ngā pakaru moroiti i roto i ngā rau pupuhi angiangi. Hei whakamutunga, ka taea e te whakapōturitanga wera o ngā mata hiri nā te kore e pai te whakamatao, te horoi rānei te whakapiko i ngā mata kua taupokina, ka hanga he āputa moroiti e taea ai e te wai tukanga te puta.

Ngā Pīrere Whakarewa me ngā Hiri Pana

Ko te whiriwhiri i te hoahoa hiri miihini tika me whai tātaritanga pakari i waenga i ngā pupuhi whakarewa me ngā hiri pana tuku iho. Ahakoa ko ngā hiri pana te nuinga o ngā tono wai me te hauwaiwai māmā mō ngā mahi whānui nā te iti o te utu, ko ngā pupuhi whakarewa te otinga hangarau mō ngā taiao tukanga uaua ina huri ngā herenga elastomer hei kawenga whakahaere.

Ngā rerekētanga matua o te mahi me ngā herenga

Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā hangarau e rua kei roto i te tikanga hiri tuarua. Ka whakamahia e ngā hiri pana he mowhiti-O hihiri, he mowhiti-V rānei, me reti i te taha o te kakau, o te ringaringa rānei hei utu mō te pakaru o te mata. Mā tēnei mahi reti ka puta te wiri o te kakau—he tikanga pakaru kino—ā, he tino ngāwari ki te aukati mēnā ka tioata te wai. Ka whakamahia e ngā pupuhi whakarewa ngā hiri tuarua pumau (ko te nuinga he tākai karāhe, he mowhiti-O pumau rānei), ka kore rawa e pakaru.

E ai ki te whakamārama i roto i te whakataurite, he tino herea ngā hiri pana e ō rātou wāhanga elastomeric. Ahakoa ngā perfluoroelastomers tino matatau ka tere te pirau i runga ake i te 315°C (600°F), engari ko ngā pupuhi taha-whakapiri i hangaia mai i ngā koranu mahi-teitei ka taea te mahi pai i tua atu i te 400°C.

Āhea te whiriwhiri i ngā hiri hau kotahi, takirua, kātereti, maroke rānei

Me whakarite te whirihoranga o te hiri o te pūwero whakarewa ki te taumata mōrearea motuhake o te wai tukanga. Ko ngā hiri pūwero kotahi kua tohua mō ngā wai pāmahana teitei, kore-morearea pērā i ngā hinu wera, ina kore he mōrearea taiao, he mōrearea haumaru rānei te turuturu iti o te kohu.

Mō ngā tono VOC paitini, mura, me ngā whakaritenga tino kaha, me whai whirihoranga hiri takirua. Mā te hiri takirua kāore he pēhanga (Mahere API 52) ka whakaratohia he tikanga haumaru tārua me te hopu i ngā tukunga, ko te hiri takirua pēhanga (Mahere API 53A/B/C) ka oati kāore he tukunga tukanga mā te pupuri i te wai ārai i te pēhanga teitei ake i te wai tukanga.Ngā whirihoranga kāterehe mea tino pai rawa atu ēnei momo katoa, nā te mea kua whakaritea i mua te pēhanga o ngā pupuhi ngawari i te wheketere, ka whakakorea ngā hapa tāutanga i te papa o te toa. Ka whakamahia hoki ngā hiri hau maroke me ngā pupuhi i roto i ngā tono motuhake mō te āhua o te kohu i ngā wāhi kāore e whakaaetia ngā wai ārai wai.

Whakatakotoranga, Tāutanga, me te Whakatutukitanga

Ko ngā whakaritenga tika, te tāutanga tino tika, me te piri ki ngā paerewa o te ao he mea nui ki te wetewete i te kaha katoa o ngā hiri miihini o ngā pupuhi whakarewa. Ka pakaru wawe te hiri mahi-teitei mena kāore ngā mana whakahaere taiao me ngā mahere paipa e karapoti ana i hangaia hei tautoko i tana anga mahi motuhake.

Ngā raraunga tono matua hei tohu

I te wā e tohua ana he hiri o te pūwero whakarewa, me tātari e ngā kaihangarau ētahi tohu raraunga nui atu i te pēhanga me te pāmahana anake. He mea nui te matotoru o te wai; ko te tikanga ka whakatauhia ngā pūwero whakarewa mō ngā wai tae atu ki te 3,000 cSt. Ki te nui rawa atu i tēnei matotoru me te kore e whakamahana tika, ka nui rawa te kutikuti hurihuri, ka motu ngā whakarewa pūwero i te wā e tīmata ana te papu.

Me tatau anō hoki te tawhā pēhanga mamaoa o te wai kia kore ai e mura ngā mata o te hiri. Mēnā ka mimiti te wai i waenganui i ngā mata tuatahi, ka maroke te rere, ka tere te whakaputa wera, ka kino tonu te mata. Hei tāpiri, ko te taumaha motuhake me te aroaro o ngā matūriki iri e whakatau ana mēnā me hanga he hoahoa pupuhi hurihuri, he hoahoa tūmau rānei, nā te mea ka taea e ngā pupuhi hurihuri te horoi i a ia anō mā te kaha whakatere engari he iti noa iho ngā tere.

Ngā mahi pai mō te tāutanga me te mahere horoi

Ko te angitu o te tāutanga e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahere horoi API 682 e tika ana. Mō ngā tono tunu wera-teitei—he tauira whakamahinga matua mō ngā pupuhi whakarewa—he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te Mahere API 62. Ka whakauruhia e tēnei mahere he tinei mamaoa pēhanga-iti ki te taha hau o te hiri, hei ārai i te waikura me te whakapakeketanga o ngā wai tukanga e turuturu ana puta noa i ngā mata.

Ina whakamahia ngā whirihoranga pēhanga rua (Mahere 53A, 53B rānei), me tino tiaki te pūnaha wai ārai. Ko ngā tikanga pai rawa atu me pupuri te pēhanga wai ārai i te rerekētanga iti rawa o te 1.5 ki te 2.0 pae (22 ki te 29 psi) i runga ake i te pēhanga pouaka whakakī mōrahi. Ki te kore e mau tonu tēnei rerekētanga, ka hoki te wai tukanga ki roto i te pūnaha ārai, ka poke te hiri, ka whakararu hoki i te ture kore-tukunga.

Ngā whakaritenga API, ISO, me ngā tukunga e tika ana

Mā te tutuki i ngā paerewa hangarau o te ao ka tutuki ngā hiri o ngā pupuhi whakarewa i ngā inenga pono pakari. Ko te Paerewa 682 (Putanga 4) a te American Petroleum Institute (API) me te ISO 21049 e whakarato ana i ngā anga whakaoti mō te tohu hiri. I raro i te API 682, ka taka ngā pupuhi whakarewa ki roto i ngā whakarōpūtanga Momo B (pupu hurihuri) me te Momo C (pupu tūmau).

Mō ngā papu Kāwai 2 me te 3 e mahi ana i roto i ngā ratonga whakapaipai hinu nui, he maha ngā wā ka whakahaua ngā pupuhi pūmau Momo C kia tere ake te tere o te toki me ngā hapa nui. Mā te tutuki i ēnei whakaritenga API ka whakamanahia kua oti te whakamātautau tohu paerewa te hiri, kia mau tonu ai ngā whakaritenga tukunga tino pakari, pērā i te pupuri i te turuturu VOC i raro i te 500 ppm mō te wā mahi korekore o te 25,000 hāora neke atu rānei.

Me pēhea te aromatawai me te whiriwhiri i te hiri tika

Ko te aromatawai me te whiriwhiri i te hiri miihini pai rawa atu mō te pupuhi whakarewa me whai i te whakataurite i ngā rohe pāmahana, te hototahi matū, me ngā utu katoa mō te huringa ora. Me neke atu ngā tīma hangarau pono i ngā utu hoko tuatahi hei aromatawai i te pānga o ngā kōwhiringa whakarewa me ngā hoahoa hiri ki te wā roa o te mahi a ngā taputapu.

Ngā paearu whiriwhiri mō ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga

Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga, ko te whiriwhiri i te konganuku whakarewa te whakatau tino nui, nā te mea ka whakatau i te ātete ki te waikura me te roa o te ora o te ngenge miihini. Kāore i te rawaka ngā maitai kore waikura paerewa mō ngā tono ahumahi kaha.

E ai ki te whakaaturanga o te kōwhiri whakarewa, ko Inconel 718 te paerewa ahumahi mō ngā tono whakarewa pāmahana teitei rawa, e tuku ana i te kaha ngenge tino pai. Ka tohua te Hastelloy C-276 ina he nui ngā kukū o te hauota, te hauwai whanariki rānei i roto i te tukanga, ka tere ai te pakaru o te waikura ahotea i roto i ngā koranu iti ake.

He aratohu whakamutunga mō ngā tīma tiaki me te pono

Ngā tīma tiaki me te ponome arotake te kōwhiringa hiri mā te tirohanga o te Utu Katoa o te Mana Pupuri (TCO). Ahakoa he nui ake te utu whakapaipai o te hiri miihini whakarewa kāhua-kāritere kua hangaia katoatia, he 20% ki te 30% te nui atu i te hiri pana rite, ko te whakakorenga o te whakakapinga ringaringa pou me te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi i whakaritea ka tere te whakakore i tēnei haumitanga tuatahi.

Ko te aratohu whakamutunga mō ngā kaupapa pono ko te whakatū i ngā tohu mahi matua (KPI) tino pakari mō ngā taputapu hurihuri.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Ko ngā whakatau me ngā take matua mō ngā hiri miihini o ngā Bellows Metal
• Ngā whakaritenga, ngā whakaritenga, me ngā arowhai mōrearea e tika ana kia whakamanahia i mua i tō whakaae
• Ngā mahi whai muri me ngā whakatūpato ka taea e ngā kaipānui te tono tonu

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha i iti ake ai te turuturu o ngā hiri mīhini o te pupuhi whakarewa i ngā hiri pana?

Ka tangohia e rātou te mowhiti-O hihiri, he ara turuturu noa. Ka whakaratohia e te pupuhi whakarewa whakarewa he uta ōrite me te hiri tuarua pumau, ka whakaiti i te wiri, te whakaroa, me ngā tukunga rerenga.

Āhea ahau me whiriwhiri i tētahi hiri miihini mō te pupuhi whakarewa?

Kōwhiria mō ngā mahi pāmahana teitei, waikura, kōkō, whakatio rānei ina kore e mahi ngā elastomers. He tino whai hua i roto i ngā mahi matū, hinu me te hau, hiko, me te papu moana.

Ka taea e ngā hiri miihini o te pupuhi whakarewa te tautoko i ngā whāinga kore-tukunga?

Āe. Mā ā rātou pupuhi hau kua whakapirihia kia mau tonu te iti o te turuturu VOC, e tautoko ana i ngā whāinga tukunga tipu pakari ake me ngā kaupapa tiaki e aro ana ki ngā ture.

He aha ngā herenga whakahaere me tirotiro e ngā kaihoko i mua i te whiriwhiri i tētahi?

Manatokohia te pāmahana tukanga, te pēhanga, te waikura o te pāpāho, te nekehanga o te pou, me te tauira papu. He maha ngā hoahoa paerewa e pai ana mō ngā pēhanga ngawari, engari ko ngā pupuhi maha-papa e whakamahia ana mō ngā mahi pēhanga teitei ake.

Kei te tuku a Victor Seals i ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa hototahi-OEM mō ngā papu ahumahi?

Āe. Ka hangaia e Victor Seals ngā hiri miihini me ngā hiri whakakapinga hototahi ki te OEM mō ngā momo tiaki papu maha, tae atu ki ngā waitohu pēnei i a Grundfos, IMO, Alfa Laval, me Allweiler.