Te Rahunga o te Hiri Mīhini, te Rahunga rānei o te Peera? Me pēhea te Tātari Tere

Te Rahunga o te Hiri Mīhini me te Rahunga o te Peera

I roto i ngā taputapu hurihuri pērā i ngā papu centrifugal, ngā compressors, me ngā agitator ahumahi, ko te rohe i waenganui ihe pakaru o te hiri miihiniā, he maha ngā wā ka pōhēhē te pakaru o te peera i ngā tohu taupatupatu. He rite tonu te poro tinana o ngā wāhanga e rua, ā, e mahi tata ana, ko te tikanga ko te pakaru o tētahi ka tere ake te whakangaromanga o tētahi. Mō ngā kaihangarau pono me ngā tohunga tiaki, he wero nui te wehewehe i te pūtake o te wera nui, te wiri rerekē, te whakapaunga hiko hē rānei.

Mā te hē o te tātaritanga i ēnei hapa ka hua ake he whakatikatika koretake, he wāwāhinga maha, me te roa o te mutu o te whakaputanga. I roto i ngā ahumahi tukatuka taumaha pēnei i te whakamahine hinu, te hanga penupenu me te pepa rānei, ka taea e te wā whakamutu kore i whakaritea te utu mai i te $10,000 ki te neke atu i te $50,000 ia haora. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakatū i tētahi tikanga tātaritanga pakari, e ahu mai ana i ngā taunakitanga, hei wehe i te wāhanga e pakaru ana i mua i te puta o ngā kino tuarua kino.

He aha te take e tiakina ai te wā mahi e te tātaritanga tere

Ko te whāinga matua o te tātaritanga tere ko te ārai i ngā tikanga rahunga e pā ana ki ngā mīhini hurihuri. Kei roto i te whanaungatanga mīhini tahi te hiri miihini me te peera; me pupuri te pumau o te rotor e te peera kia taea ai e ngā mata hiri te haere tika, ko te hiri miihini ia me pupuri te wai tukanga hei ārai i te poke o te pūnaha whakahinuhinu peera.

Ina tīmata te pakaru o te peera, te ngaro rānei o ōna āputa o roto, ka nui rawa te piko o te pou. Mena ka nui ake te rere o te porowhita i ngā āheinga hiri miihini noa—he maha ngā wā he piri ki te 0.002 inihi (0.05 mm)—ka pakaru ngā mowhiti-O hihiri, ā, ka pakaru, ka wehe rānei ngā mata hiri pakari, ka mutu ai te turuturu o te wai. I tetahi atu taha, ko te pakaru o te hiri miihini tuatahi e rehu ana i te wai tukanga waikura, te wai whakakoi rānei ki roto i te whare peera ka tere te whakaheke i te matotoru o te hinu whakahinuhinu, ka mau tonu ngā peera i roto i ngā hāora. Mā te tautuhi i te wāhanga tīmatanga ka mutu tēnei porowhita whakangaro.

Ina hiahiatia he whakatau raruraru whakahaere mō ngā tohu tōmua

Ehara i te mea ko ngā tohu katoa e hiahia ana kia kati tonu i te wā ohorere; ko ētahi e hiahia ana kia whakahaeretia, kia pūnahahia hoki te rapurongoā i te wā e noho ana te taputapu ki te ipurangi. Ko te ngoikore o te wāhanga tuatahi ka puta he panonitanga ngawari o ngā raraunga aroturuki āhua, kaua ki te kino tinana e kitea whānuitia ana. Ina kitea e ngā pūoko he rerekētanga taketake, me tīmata e ngā tīma tātaritanga he rangahau hanganga me te kore e whakararuraru i te tukanga.

Hei tauira, ko te pikinga āta haere o te pāmahana o te whare peera e tata ana ki te 180°F (82°C) te nekehanga rānei o te tere wiri whānui neke atu i te 0.15 inihi/hekona RMS e tohu ana i tētahi āhuatanga rerekē e puta ake ana. I tēnei wā, ka taea e ngā tohunga hangarau te mahi haumaru i te tātari wiri taumira teitei, te whakaahua wera, me te tauira hinu. Mā te rapurongoā whakahaere ka taea e te whare te tiki i ngā wāhanga whakakapinga, te whakarite i tētahi motumotu ā-taurangi, me te whakarite i ngā tikanga raka-puta/tohu-puta (LOTO) e tika ana, ā, ka hurihia he rahunga kore e taea te matapae hei kaupapa tiaki whakahaere.

Ngā Rohe o te Rahunga me ngā Rerekētanga Matua

Hei tātaritanga tika i te raruraru o ngā taputapu, me mārama tuatahi ngā tohunga hangarau ki ngā rohe mahi motuhake me ngā whakaritenga mahi o te hiri miihini me te huihuinga peera. Ahakoa e mahi ana rātou i runga i te huihuinga hurihuri kotahi, he rerekē rawa ngā tawhā hoahoa, ngā paepae rahunga, me ngā tauhohenga ā-tinana ki te ahotea pūnaha.

He hiri miihinihe taputapu pupuri wai tino tikaKo te whakawhirinaki ki ngā āputa moroiti, engari ko te peera he wāhanga tuku kawenga i hangaia hei whakahaere i ngā kaha miihini taumaha. Ko te mōhio ki te mutunga o te hihiri wai me te tīmatanga o te miihini hanganga te tūāpapa o te tātaritanga mara tika.

Ngā mea e tiakina ana e te hiri miihini

Ko te hiri ā-ringa te ārai matua i waenga i te wai tukanga o roto me te hau o waho. Ka tutuki tana mahi matua mā roto i ngā mata hiri e rua kua tino orohia—kotahi e tū ana, ko tētahi e hurihuri ana—e pēhia ana e te kumenga puna me te pēhanga waipēhi. Kāore ēnei mata e maroke rawa; e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi kiriata wai moroiti, e ine ana i waenga i te 1 me te 3 maikorona te matotoru, hei whakarato hinu me te whakamatao.

Nā te mea he iti rawa ngā āputa o te hiri miihini, he tino tairongo ki ngā āhuatanga wai. Ka tiakina te taiao mai i ngā tukunga matū kino, ā, ka ārai hoki i te tukanga mai i te poke o te hau. Heoi, ko tōna whai huatanga e whakawhirinaki katoa ana ki te wai tukanga e toe ana i roto i ngā tawhā pāmahana, pēhanga, me te tawhiti mamao-kohu. Ina pakaru te hiri miihini, ko te hua matua ko te ngaronga o te pupuri, e puta mai ana hei turuturu kitea, he kapua kohu, he hekenga rānei o te pēhanga wai ārai i roto i ngā whirihoranga hiri-rua.

He aha te mea e tautokona ana e te peera

Kua hangaia ngā peera hei tautoko i te pou hurihuri, hei whakahaere i ngā kawenga radial (poutū ki te pou) me ngā kawenga pana axial (whakarara ki te pou). Mā te pupuri i te rotor i tōna pokapū āhuahanga tika, ka whakarite ngā peera kia kore ngā impeller e pā ki ngā anga, ā, kia noho rite tonu ngā mata hiri miihini. Kua hangaia ngā peera huānga hurihuri ahumahi mō tētahi roanga ngenge L10 motuhake, e tatauhia ana i waenga i te 25,000 me te 50,000 hāora mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahinuhinu me te kawenga pai.

Kāore ngā peera e pā tika ana ki te wai tukatuka, he rerekē ki ngā hiri. Ko tō rātou taiao he whare kua whakakiia ki te hinu whakahinuhinu, ki te hinu rānei. Ko te hauora o te peera e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pupuri i tētahi kiriata whakahinuhinu elastohydrodynamic tonu i waenga i ngā wāhanga hurihuri me ngā ara reihi. Ina pakaru te peera, ka ngaro tōna kaha ki te aukati i te rakau, ka piki ake te waku miihini, te whakaputa wera tere, me te wiri nui-rahi i te mea ka whānui haere ngā āputa o roto ki tua atu i ngā rohe hoahoa.

Ngā tohu pakaru o te hiri mīhini me te pereti

Ko te wehewehe i waenga i ngā tohu ā-tinana o te hiri me te pakaru o te peera me whai hononga i waenga i ngā taunakitanga tirohanga, whakarongo, me te wera. Nā te mea e tata ana ngā wāhanga tetahi ki tetahi, ka taea e te wera me te haruru te whakawhiti ngāwari mā roto i te anga taputapu, ka uaua ai te tātari i ngā tohu takitahi.

Mā tēnei matihiko whakatairite ka whakaratohia he tūāpapa mō ngā tirohanga mara. Hei tauira, ki te kite tetahi tohunga hangarau i te pikinga pāmahana ā-rohe i te repe hiri me te tangi pakū, ko te kiriata wai i waenganui i ngā mata hiri kei te mimiti (e kanapa ana). I tetahi atu taha, ki te mea kei te whare peera te wera me te haruru e rite ana, ko te kiriata whakahinuhinu o te peera kua hinga pea, ka tīmata te pa o te konganuku ki te konganuku.

Te Tukanga Tātaritanga o te Marae

Ko te whakamaoritanga o ngā rerekētanga ariā ki ngā tātaritanga mara mahi ka hiahiatia he tikanga tirotiro pūnaha. Me neke te tukanga tātaritanga mai i ngā tirohanga o waho kāore e pokanoa ki ngā inenga tino motuhake, e whakahaerehia ana e ngā taputapu. Mā te peke tonu ki te wawahi pokanoa ka whakangaro i ngā taunakitanga ā-tinana nui, ā, ka roa ake te wā e kore ai e whakamahia ngā taputapu.

Mā te tātaritanga mara pakari ka whakamahia ngā taputapu kua whakatikatikaina hei hopu i ngā tohu wiri, ngā pikinga wera, me ngā nekehanga wai. Mā te ine i ngā tohu, ka taea e ngā tīma pono te tohu i te pūtake o te rahunga me te tino whakapono i mua i te wetewete i tētahi pūtu kotahi.

Te raupapa tirotiro urupare tuatahi

Ko te raupapa urupare tuatahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mātakitaki ā-kanohi e whakarei ake ana i ngā taputapu tātaritanga taketake. Me tīmata ngā tohunga hangarau mā te tirotiro ā-kanohi i te repe hiri, te whare whāriki, me te pereti turanga. Ko tētahi inenga nui ko te tere turuturu tika; i te mea hehiri miihini hauoraMehemea ka puta he kohu e kore e kitea, ka puta he mate wai e taea te ine mēnā ka pakaru te hiri. Ko te tere turuturu e kitea ana neke atu i te 60 maturuturunga ia meneti he paepae paerewa e tohu ana i te pakaru nui o te mata o te hiri, te pakaru tuarua rānei o te mowhiti-O.

Whai muri i te tirotiro tirohanga, me whakamahi ngā tohunga hangarau i te whakamahana infrared (IR) hei mahere i te pikinga pāmahana puta noa i te anga papu. Ka whakaatuhia e te pūnaha hauora he whakawhiti wera maeneene mai i te pāmahana wai tukanga ki te whare peera. Ko te pikinga wera koi, motuhake i te repe hiri e tohu ana i te waku mata, engari ko te wāhi wera kei waenganui i te peera pana e tohu ana i te take whakahinuhinu, te taumaha rawa rānei. Hei whakamutunga, ka taea e te whakamātautau tukunga oro te kite i ngā ngaru ahotea ultrasonic auau-teitei, te tautuhi i te pakaru o te peera moroiti, te maroke rānei o te mata hiri i mua i te rongonga o te tangata ka taea te kite i tētahi āhuatanga rerekē.

Ngā ine mō te rahunga o te hiri miihini

Te wehewehe i te rahunga o te hiri miihinime ine i ngā āhuatanga o tana pūnaha tautoko me te āhua hihiri o te rūma hiri. Mō ngā papu kua rite ki ngā mahere horoi hiri API 682 (pēnei i te Mahere 11, 52, 53 rānei), me manatoko e ngā tohunga hangarau ngā tere rere, ngā rerekētanga pēhanga, me ngā taumata puna wai. Ko te hekenga ohorere o te pēhanga puna wai ārai Mahere 53 e tohu ana kua tuwhera ngā mata hiri o roto, ka taea ai e te wai ārai te ringihia ki roto i te awa tukanga.

Hei tāpiritanga, he mea nui te ine i te pēhanga i roto i te rūma hiri. Mēnā ka heke te pēhanga o te rūma hiri i raro iho i te pēhanga kohu o te wai e papuhia ana, ka mimiti te wai, ka maroke ngā mata o te hiri, ka pakaru. Me ine anō hoki e ngā tohunga hangarau te piko o te porowhita tata ki te repe hiri mā te whakamahi i ngā tohu waea i te wā e huri poto ana ā-ringa (mēnā he haumaru, he tika hoki); ko te piko neke atu i te 0.003 inihi (0.075 mm) e tohu ana kei te whakangaro kaha ngā mata o te hiri i te kore pumau o te miihini.

Ngā ine mō te rahunga o te peera

Ko ngā tātaritanga peera e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te tātari wiri me te tribology. Mā te whakamahi i ngā ine whakatere, ka hopukina e ngā kaitātari te whānuitanga wiri hei tautuhi i ngā auau hapa motuhake. Ka whakaputahia e ngā peera huānga hurihuri ngā auau motuhake i runga i ō rātou āhua: Auautanga Paahi Pōro o Waho (BPFO), Auautanga Paahi Pōro o Roto (BPFI), Auautanga Hurihuri Pōro (BSF), me te Auautanga Tereina Taketake (FTF). Ko te noho mai o ngā tihi kore-tukutahi e ōrite ana ki ēnei auau kua tatauhia ka whakarato i te taunakitanga tino tika o te kino o te ara rerewe peera, o te huānga hurihuri rānei.

I te wā kotahi, ka whakaratohia e te tātari hinu he hītori matū me te matūriki o te hauora o te peera. Me tango e ngā tohunga hangarau he tauira ora mai i te puna peera, ka tātarihia mō ngā paru kakahu me te pakaru o te matotoru. He mea nui te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga horoi ISO 4406 (ko te tikanga ko te 16/14/11 mō ngā papu ahumahi). Ko te pikinga ohorere o ngā matūriki rino, te parahi, te nekehanga nui rānei o te Tau Waikawa Katoa (TAN) o te hinu e whakaū ana kei te ngaro haere te rauemi o te peera, ā, me whakakapi tonu, ahakoa te āhua o te hiri miihini.

Ngā Āhuatanga Whakahaere e Waihanga ana i ngā Tohu rite

I roto i ngā āhuatanga tātaritanga maha, ehara te pūtake o te rahunga i te hiri miihini, ehara hoki i te peera tonu. Engari, ko ngā āhuatanga mahi kino me ngā raruraru waipēhi pūnaha ka whakaputa i ngā kaha whakangaro e whakaeke ana i ngā wāhanga e rua i te wā kotahi.

Ka puta he tohu tino whakapoauau i ēnei raruraru pūnaha, he maha ngā wā ka rite ki ngā tohu pakaru motuhake o ngā wāhanga takitahi. He mea nui te tautuhi i ēnei hapa whakahaere whānui; mā te whakakapi i tētahi hiri pakaru, i tētahi peera pakaru rānei, me te kore e aro ki te pūtake waipēhi, miihini rānei, ka tere te pakaru anō.

Te pokanga, te korenga o te momi, te hē o te tūnga, me te waewae ngohengohe

Ko te kore pumau o te waipēhi tetahi o ngā tino take o te pakaru o ngā wāhanga i te wā kotahi. Ka puta te āputaputa ina heke te Upoko Momi Pai Kupenga (NPSHa) ki raro i te Upoko Momi Pai Kupenga e hiahiatia ana (NPSHr) e te papu, ka puta he mirumiru kohu ka pakū kino. Ko te tikanga pai o te hangarau paerewa e hiahia ana kia 3 ki te 5 putu te tawhiti NPSH kia kore ai tēnei. Ka puta he wiri auau teitei nui, matapōkere i te āputaputa e tangi ana me te kirikiri e pupuhi ana; ka pakaru tēnei ru waipēhi.ngā mata hiri miihini pakarukaruā, i te wā kotahi ka patu i ngā wāhanga hurihuri peera ki ō rātou ara reihi.

Waihoki, ko te hē o te tūnga miihini i waenga i te motuka me te taputapu e pehia ana ka pehi i te rotor katoa. Mena ka neke atu te hē o te tūnga whakarara i te 0.005 inihi (0.127 mm), ka akiakihia te pou e te nekehanga piko kia piko rua i ia hurihanga. Ka huakina e tēnei piko tonu ngā mata hiri miihini, ka puta te turuturu o te tukanga, me te utaina i ngā kawenga radial horihori nui ki runga i ngā peera, ka arahi ki te ngenge wawe me te wera nui. Ko te waewae ngohengohe—ina kore te turanga taputapu e noho papatahi ki runga i te turanga—ka hanga he ahua pōturi rite tonu ina whakakīia ngā pūtu whakairi.

Ngā hapa whakahinuhinu, te wai poke, me ngā mea totoka

He maha ngā wā ka hunaia te poke me ngā mahi whakahinuhinu hē hei hapa wāhanga. Ko te whakahinuhinu nui rawa i te peera he hapa tiaki noa e arahi ana ki te huri nui o te hinu whakahinuhinu. Ka puta he waku nui o roto i tēnei hurihanga, ka piki ake te pāmahana o te whare peera i runga ake i te 200°F (93°C). Tērā pea ka pohehe te tohunga hangarau i tēnei wera hei peera e pakaru ana, engari ko te mea pono, he pakari te hanganga o te peera engari he momi te wera.

I te taha hiri, ka pā kino te wai tukanga poke ki ngā mata tino tika. Mena ka nui ake te kukū o ngā matū totoka i whakatārewatia i ngā tawhā hoahoa o te hiri—he maha ngā wā ka nui ake i te 300 ppm mō ngā hiri takitahi paerewa—ka uru te matūriki ki roto i te kiriata wai moroiti. Ka kerihia e tēnei paru whakakoi ngā mata waro, ka puta he wera nui ā-rohe me te tangi oro auau teitei ka taea te hē te tautuhi he he te haruru o te whare pupuri. He mea nui te whakarite kia ma te horoi (pēnei i te Mahere API 32) hei wehewehe i te paru wai mai i te pakaru miihini.

Te pūtake o ngā tohu kua kitea

Hei whakatere i ēnei tohumate taupatupatu, ka whakamahia e ngā tīma pono he pūnaha pūtake hei mahere i ngā kitenga parae ki ō rātou pūtake pūnaha tino tūpono.

Mā te whakamahi i tēnei matihiko, ka taea e te tohunga tātaritanga te titiro ki tua atu i te kino o nāianei. Mena kei te turuturu te hiri e rua, ā, kei te wiri te peera i te tere hurihanga 2X, e tohu mārama ana te matihiko ki te hē o te tūnga, kaua ki te rahunga motuhake o ngā wāhanga e rua i te wā kotahi.

Ngā Whakatau mō te Whakatika, te Whakakapinga, me te Whakamutu-Oma

Ko te whāinga matua o te tukanga tātaritanga ko te whakatau whai whakaaro, whai hua hoki mō te whakahaere taputapu. Kia kohia ngā raraunga, kia kitea hoki te pūtake o te raru, me whakatau te kaiwhakahaere o te wheketere mēnā ka ngana ki te whakatika i runga ipurangi, ka whakarite rānei i tētahi whakakapinga mō te wā poto, ka whakahaere rānei i tētahi E-stop tonu hei ārai i te pakaru kino.

Ko ēnei whakataunga aukati-oma e whakahaeretia ana e ngā paerewa ahumahi kua whakatūria, ngā ture taiao, me ngā pānga pūtea o te whakangaromanga taputapu. Me tautuhi he paepae mārama hei tango i te koretake o ngā wawaotanga tiaki.

Āhea te tika o te whakakapi i te hiri miihini

Te whakakapi i tētahi hiri mīhinihe tika ina kua pāngia tōna mahi matua—te pupuri—ā, kāore e taea te whakatika mā te whakarerekē i ngā mahere horoi, i ngā tawhā whakahaere rānei. Mō ngā papu e whakahaere ana i ngā matū waro kino, ngā matū waro pūngāwerewere rānei (VOC), ka whakatauhia e ngā ture taiao me ngā paerewa API 682 ngā herenga turuturu tino pakari. Mena ka nui ake ngā tukunga VOC i ngā paepae ture ā-rohe (he maha ngā wā ka inehia i te <5.6 karamu ia hāora, mā ngā hongi ppm rānei), me whakakapi tonu te hiri kia mau tonu ai te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.

Haunga te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao, ko te kino ā-tinana ki ngā mata o te hiri e tika ana kia whakakapia. Mena ka kitea he mata waro kua pupuhi, he awaawa hohonu, he karāhe silicon carbide rānei kua tirohia i te wera, kua kore e taea te whakaora i te hiri. Ko te ngana ki te whakahaere i tētahi hiri me ngā mata pakaru ehara i te mea ka hua noa he mate nui o te hua engari ka taea pea te whiu i te ringaringa o te rakau papu, ka piki ake te utu whakakapinga hiri paerewa $2,000 ki te whakatikatika rakau me te rotor $15,000.

Ina tika te whakakapinga o te peera

He tika te whakakapinga o te peera ina tohu ngā tohu wiri i te ngenge o raro i te mata, ina whakaū rānei te tātaritanga hinu whakahinuhinu i te pakaru nui o te konganuku. E whakarato ana ngā paerewa ahumahi, pērā i te ISO 10816-3, i ngā paepae whai kiko. Mena ka uru he papu ahumahi kua mau ki te Rohe C, ki te Rohe D rānei—e tohuhia ana e te wiri whānui neke atu i te 0.28 in/s RMS (7.1 mm/s)—ka tino pakaru te peera, ā, ka tū hei mōrearea ki te mīhini katoa.

Hei tāpiri atu, ki te kitea e te tātaritanga hinu he pikinga ohorere o te matūriki, pērā i te pikinga o te rino, te parahi rānei >10 ppm i waenga i ngā tauira o ia marama, kei te memeha haere te whare pupuri, te ara rere rānei. I tēnei wā, kāore he hua o te tāpiri hinu hou. Me whakakapi te pupuri i mua i te raka katoa o ngā wāhanga hurihuri, ka meinga ai te kutikuti o te rakau, te taumaha rawa rānei o te motuka, ka hinga.

Rākau whakatau mō ngā mahi aukati-oma

Hei whakataurite i ngā urupare puta noa i ngā huringa mahi me ngā kaimahi, me whakatinana e ngā whare he rākau whakatau pakari mō ngā mahi whakamutu-oma. Mena ka whakaatuhia e te mīhini he wiri ohorere e whiti ana i te rohe whakaoho, me te pikinga tere ake o te pāmahana o te whare peera i te 2°F (1°C) ia meneti, me whakahaere e te kaiwhakahaere he aukati ohorere. Ko tēnei pikinga tere e tohu ana i te hopunga o te peera, te pahūtanga nui rānei o te hiri.

Mena he pumau ngā tohu engari kāore i te rite ki ngā whakaritenga—pērā i te turuturu o te hiri miihini e 30 pata wai kore-morearea ia meneti, me te wiri o te peera e noho ana i te rohe "mataara" (hei tauira, 0.18 inihi/s RMS)—ka taea e te taputapu te noho ipurangi i raro i te aroturukitanga tonu. I tēnei horopaki, ka whakahau te rākau whakatau kia whakaritea he wā whakamutu tiaki kua whakaritea i roto i ngā haora 72. Ka whakatauritehia e tēnei huarahi hanganga te whakahau ki te tiaki i ngā taputapu whakapaipai utu nui me te hiahia arumoni ki te pupuri i te wā mahi whakaputa.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Tīmatahia te tātaritanga mā te tautuhi i ngā tohu tuatahi kāore i te ōrite, pērā i te turuturu, te pikinga o te pāmahana peera, te huringa wiri, te poke o te hinu, te oma rānei o te pou.
• Me whakaaro ko ngā pāmahana o te whare peera e tata ana ki te 180°F (82°C) me te tere wiri i runga ake i te 0.15 in/s RMS hei paepae whakatūpato mō te whakatau raruraru whakahaeretia.
• Tirohia te rere o te pou, nā te mea ka taea e te nekehanga neke atu i te 0.002 inihi (0.05 mm) te kino i ngā mata o te hiri miihini me ngā mowhiti-O hihiri.
• Tirohia te āhua o te hinu whakahinuhinu ina turuturu te hiri miihini, nā te mea ka taea e te poke o te wai tukanga te whakaiti tere i te matotoru o te hinu me te whakangaro i ngā peera.
• Kaua e whakakapia anake te wāhanga kua kitea te pakaru kia mōhio ra ano koe mēnā ko te hiri, ko te peera rānei te tīmatanga o te rahunga.
• Whakamahia ngātahi te tātari wiri, te tātari pāmahana, te tauira hinu, me te tirotiro hiri ā-kanohi hei ārai i ngā whakatikatika auau me te wā whakatā kore i whakamaheretia.

Ngā Pātai Auau

Me pēhea taku mōhio mēnā i tīmata te raru o te papu i te hiri miihini, i te peera rānei?

Rapua te panoni tuatahi ka taea te ine: te turuturu o te hiri, te poke o te hinu, te au o te wiri, te rere o te pou, te pāmahana rānei o te peera. He maha ngā wā ka puta te nekehanga o te pou i te ngāwari o te peera ka kino ai ngā mata o te hiri, engari ka taea e te turuturu o te hiri te poke i te hinu whakahinuhinu, ā, ka tere te whakangaro i ngā peera.

He aha te pāmahana o te peera e tika ana kia tīmata ai te rapurongoā?

He tohu whakatūpato te tata o te pāmahana o te whare peera ki te 180°F (82°C). Kāore e hiahiatia kia kati tonu, engari me whakaoho i ngā tirotiro whakahaere pēnei i te whakaahua wera, te tātari wiri, te tirotiro hinu, me te arotake i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere.

Ka taea e te pakaru o te hiri miihini te whakararu i te peera?

Āe. Mēnā ka turuturu te wai tukanga ki roto i te whare o te peera, ka horoia atu rānei te hinu whakahinuhinu, ka tere te heke o te matotoru me te ma o te hinu. Tērā pea ka tere ake te pakaru o ngā wai waikura, ngā wai whakakoi rānei, ā, ka wera rawa, ka pakaru rānei te peera.

Ka taea e te pakaru o te peera te pakaru i te hiri miihini?

Āe. Ka taea e ngā peera kua tawhito, kua kore rānei e pai te huri me te rere o te pou. Mena ka nui ake te nekehanga i ngā āheinga hiri piripono, tata ki te 0.002 inihi (0.05 mm), ka pakaru, ka wehe, ka turuturu rānei ngā mata hiri.

He aha te taumata wiri e tohu ana i tētahi raruraru e puta ake ana?

Me whakaaro he whakatūpato wawe te nekehanga o te tere wiri katoa i runga ake i te 0.15 inihi/s. Whakamahia te tātari wiri taumira teitei hei wehewehe i te kore taurite, te he o te tūnga, te wetewete, ngā hapa o te peera, me te kore pumau e pā ana ki te hiri.