He aha i whiriwhiri ai i ngā hiri whakarewa mō ngā mahi kore tukunga?

Kupu Whakataki

I te mea e whakawhāiti ana ngā here tukunga puta noa i te tukatuka matū, te whakamahine, me te whakaputa hiko, kua noho te hangarau hiri hei mea nui ki te whakatutuki i te mahi kore-tukunga. Kei te piki haere te aro ki ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa nā te mea ka tangohia e rātou ngā wāhi pakaru noa e kitea ana i roto i ngā hoahoa pana tuku iho, inā koa ko ērā e herea ana ki ngā elastomers hihiri me te nekehanga o te pou. E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga me pēhea te tautoko a tō rātou hanganga i te iti o ngā tukunga rere, te pono kaha ake, me te hiri roa ake i roto i ngā ratonga tono. E whakamārama ana hoki i ngā tikanga whakahaere me ngā pēhanga tutuki e pai ai te whiriwhiri i ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa ina he mea nui te pupuri, te haumaru, me ngā wā tiaki.

He aha ngā Hiri Whakarewa e Pai Ana ki te Kōwhiringa

Nā te nekehanga ki ngā whare ahumahi kore-tukunga kua tino whakarerekētia ngā tawhā whakatakotoranga mō ngā taputapu hurihuri. I te mea e whakakaha ana ngā anga ture mō ngā tukunga rere, kei te neke haere ngā kaiwhakahaere mai i ngā hangarau hiri tuku iho e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā elastomers tuarua hihiri. Kua puta ake ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa hei otinga tino tika mō te whakahaere wai nui, me te whakakore i ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā mowhiti-O reti.

I roto i te tukatuka matū, te whakamahine, me te whakaputa hiko, ko teKo te hiri miihini te parepare matuate ārai i te poke o te hau. Mā te whakamahi i te matua whakarewa kua whakapirihia ki te taha hei whakarato i te uta mata me te hiri tuarua, ka karohia e ngā whirihoranga pupuhi whakarewa te hysteresis me te fretting o te pou e whakaiti pinepine ana i ngā hiri pana i roto i te wā.

Te āhua o te whakarerekētanga o te tono e ngā here tukunga me ngā whāinga pono

Kei te whakawhāitihia e ngā tari taiao o te ao katoa ngā paepae tukunga matū waro mimiti (VOC) e whakaaetia ana. I ngā wā o mua, i whakaaetia ngā reiti turuturu o te 10,000 wāhanga ia miriona (ppm) i roto i ngā whare ahumahi tawhito. Ko ngā ture hou, e akiakihia ana e ngā kawa pēnei i te Tikanga EPA 21 me ngā paerewa TA-Luft o Ūropi, inaianei he maha ngā wā ka whakawhāitihia ngā tukunga VOC e whakaaetia ana ki te 500 ppm, me ngā ratonga paitini nui e hiahia ana kia tino pehia te iti iho i te 100 ppm.

Hei whakatutuki i ēnei whāinga kore-tukunga pakari, me whai tikanga hiri ngā kaihangarau pono e pupuri ana i te pono tino mō te wā roa i waenga i ngā rahunga (MTBF). Nā te mea kāore he elastomer reti hihiri o ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa, kāore rātou e pāngia e te huinga pēhanga O-ring, e te hekenga wera rānei i raro i te huringa hihiri. Mā tēnei huarahi hiri tuarua pumau ka noho papatahi te kōtaha pupuri tukunga me te matapae puta noa i te roanga mahi o te hiri, e tautoko tika ana i ngā inenga pono me te tutuki i te hanganga puta noa i te tipu.

Ko te wāhi e tino nui ai te uara o ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa

Ko ngā painga hanganga o ngā hiri whakarewa e whakaatu ana i te uara mahi mōrahi i roto i ngā taiao ka pakaru wawe ngā wāhanga elastomeric. Ko ngā tono pāmahana teitei, pērā i ngā papu hinu wera e mahi ana i te 400°C (750°F), he rohe whakatinanatanga tuatahi, nā te mea ka whakararu tonu ēnei kawenga wera i ngā mowhiti-O FKM, FFKM rānei tikanga.

He nui hoki ngā painga o ngā ratonga cryogenic. I ngā pāmahana e heke ana ki te -75°C (-103°F) me raro iho, ka huri ngā elastomers ki te karāhe, ka pakarukaru, ā, kāore e taea te pupuri i te hiri. Ka tiakina e ngā pupuhi whakarewa ō rātou modulus o te ngāwari me te nekehanga piko puta noa i ēnei pikinga wera nui. Hei tāpiri, i te aroaro o ngā totoka i whakatārewatia, i ngā wai rānei e kaha ana ki te polymerize me te coke i te wā e pā ana ki te hau, ko te kore o te hiri tuarua reti ka ārai i te "whakairi" e akiaki ana i ngā mata hiri kia tuwhera, ā, ka ārai i ngā tukunga kino.

He aha ngā mea e pai ai ngā hiri o te pere whakarewa mō te ratonga kore-tukunga

Ko te hanganga taketake o te hiri pupuhi whakarewa ka whakakapi i ngā wāhanga maha o te hiri pana noa—ina koa ko ngā puna, te mowhiti-O hihiri, me te ringaringa reti—ki tētahi matua whakarewa kotahi, he mea hanga tino pai. Ka mahi tahi tēnei huihuinga kotahi hei wāhanga puna e whakamahi ana i te kaha kati miihini ki ngā mata hiri, hei rohe tuarua kore e taea te uru ki te wai tukanga.

Te mahi a ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa me ngā āhuatanga hoahoa matua

Ka hangaia he pūtake o te pūwero whakarewa mā te whakarewa tahi i ngā diaphragm whakarewa kua tohua tika, i ō rātou diameter o roto, o waho hoki. Mā tēnei hoahoa whakarewa taha ka whakaratohia he tere puna ōrite, motuhake e whakarite ana i te kawenga mata whakarara ahakoa te nekehanga iti o te tuaka o te pou. Nā te mea he taurite te hoahoa o te huihuinga pūwero ki te wai, ka pā te pēhanga wai tukanga ki te diameter whai hua o ngā piko o te pūwero, kaua ki te akiaki i te hikoi ki roto i te pou, i te ringaringa rānei.

Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o te hoahoa ko te kaha horoi-ā-koe. I te hurihuri o te waeine pupuhi, ka panaia e ngā kaha porotītaha ngā matūriki mai i ngā piko. Mā tēnei ka ārai i te kohikohinga o ngā para e aukati ana i te nekehanga tuaka, he wāhi pakaru noa i roto i ngā hoahoa pana maha-puna. Ko te āhua tūmau o te hiri tuarua—he gasket tūmau, he mowhiti Grafoil rānei—ko te tikanga ka taea e te huihuinga katoa te whai i te kakahu o te mata, te whakawhānui wera rānei i te wā tonu, me te kore e hinga i te waku o te mowhiti-O hihiri.

Ko ēhea ngā āhuatanga whakahaere, ngā rauemi, me ngā huinga mata he mea nui

He mea nui te tautuhi i te hanganga whakarewa tika mō te ratonga kore-tukunga, nā te mea he tino ngawari ngā rau angiangi (he maha ngā wā mai i te 0.10 ki te 0.15 mm te matotoru) ki te whakaeke waikura. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā mahi paerewa te maitai kore waikura AM350, engari ko ngā taiao kaha e hiahia ana ki ngā koranu matatau. Mō ngā ratonga pāmahana teitei, waikura nui rānei, ko te Alloy 718 (Inconel) me te Alloy 276 (Hastelloy) ngā whakahoutanga paerewa. Ko ngā huinga mata e hono ana i te Silicon Carbide kounga teitei ki te Waro Graphite (mō te hinuhinu) te Tungsten Carbide rānei (mō te ātete ki te karawarawa).

He aha ngā momo rahunga me ngā herenga mahi hei whakaaro

Ahakoa te pakari o te āhua, he rohe mahi motuhake kei ngā hiri o te pupuhi whakarewa me whakaute e ngā kaihangarau. Ko ngā pupuhi papa kotahi paerewa e whakatauria ana mō ngā pēhanga mahi mōrahi o te 20 ki te 25 pae (300 ki te 360 ​​psi). I ngā tono e nui ake ana i ēnei pēhanga, ka ngoikore ngā rau angiangi ki te whakapēhanga i puta mai i te pēhanga, ki te "ngoikore" rānei. Ka taea e ngā hoahoa papa maha te whakawhānui ake i tēnei rohe ki te 60+ pae, engari ko te utu he piki ake te pakari o te tere puna.

He rerekē rawa ngā momo rahunga o ngā hiri pupuhi i ngā hiri pana. Ka puta pea te kutikuti hurihuri mēnā ka piki te matotoru o te wai, mēnā rānei ka maroke te mata o te hiri, ka herea, ka takahuri i ngā rau whakarewa ngawari. Ko te pakaru o te ngenge tētahi atu mōrearea mēnā he nui rawa te wiri radial o te rakau. Hei whakamutunga, ahakoa he pai ake te ātete o ngā pupuhi ki te werawera i ngā hiri pana, ka taea e te kohikohinga nui o ngā warowaiha pakeke i waenganui i ngā piko te whakamārō i ngā pupuhi, ka hiahiatia he tineia te mamaoa i roto i ngā tono hinu taumaha.

Te Whakataurite o ngā Hiri Whakarewa ki ētahi atu Momo Hiri

Te whiriwhiri i te hiri miihini e tika aname whai tātaritanga whakatairite pakari mō te urupare a ngā hoahoanga rerekē ki ngā taumahatanga tukanga i roto i te wā. Ahakoa he painga motuhake ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa i roto i ngā taiao uaua, he mea nui te mārama ki tō rātou tūranga whakataetae tuturu ki ngā hiri pana me ngā pupuhi elastomeric hei whakapai ake i te pono o te tipu me te whakatutuki i ngā ture kore-tukunga.

Ko ēhea ngā paearu e pai ana mō te ine i te mahi kore-tukunga

Ko te aromatawai i te kaha o te hiri mō te ratonga kore-tukunga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā paearu matua e toru: ngā reiti turuturu hihiri, te whānui o te wera, me te MTBF roa (Mean Time Between Failures). Ko te turuturu hihiri ka inehia i roto i ngā miririta ia hāora (ml/hr) mō ngā wai, ngā wāhanga ia miriona (ppm) rānei mō ngā hau pūngāwerewere. Hei whai mana mō te ratonga kore-tukunga, me whakaatu tonu te hiri i te turuturu i raro i te 500 ppm i raro i ngā tikanga whakamātautau API 682.

Ka ine te whānui wera i te kaha o te hangarau ki te pupuri i te aroturuki mata i te wā o ngā pikinga tere o te pāmahana me te kore e pakaru te hiri tuarua. Hei whakamutunga, ka arotakehia e te MTBF te mahi pumau; me mahi pono te hiri kore-tukunga kounga teitei mō te neke atu i te 25,000 hāora (tata ki te toru tau) i mua i te hiahia kia whakahoutia, me te whakaaro he pumau ngā āhuatanga tukanga.

Te whakataurite o ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa ki ngā hiri pupuhi pana me ngā hiri pupuhi elastomer

Ina inehia ki ngā hoahoa rerekē, ko ngā hiri pere whakarewa te taumata teitei mō te mahi nui. Ka whakamahia e ngā hiri pana ngā mowhiti-O hihiri me reti i te taha o te pou hei utu mō te pakaru o te mata. Ka puta te hysteresis—he whakaroa i te aroturuki mata—nā tēnei mahi reti, ā, ka hua ake he fretting, ka whakakōpikopiko i te pou, i te ringaringa rānei, ā, ka mutu ka puta he ara turuturu tuarua. Ka whakakorea e ngā pere elastomer te fretting engari he iti noa te herenga o te hototahi matū me ngā rohe wera o te rapa (i te nuinga o te wā ka hinga ki runga ake i te 150°C).

Ko ēhea ngā mahi hei whakanui ake i te mahi a te hiri o ngā pere whakarewa

Ehara i te mea ko te hoko noa i tētahi hiri pūwero whakarewa te take o te whakatutuki i te mahi kore-tukunga; me piri ki ngā tikanga hangarau, tāutanga, me te whakahaere pakari. Mā te whakauru i ēnei hiri ki roto i tētahi anga pono-teitei ka tino tutuki ngā painga ariā o te hoahoa pūwero i roto i ngā āhuatanga tūturu o te mara.

Ko ēhea ngā paerewa me ngā whakaritenga tutuki e pā ana

Ko te paerewa whakahaere mō ngā hiri miihini i roto i ngā rāngai hinu, hau, me te matū hinu ko te API 682 (ISO 21049). I raro i tēnei paerewa, ka whakarōpūtia ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa hei Momo B (ngā pupuhi hurihuri) Momo C rānei (ngā pupuhi tūmau). Mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga kore-tukunga i roto i ngā ratonga VOC morearea, ka tohua e ngā kaiwhakahaere ngā whakaritenga hiri takirua Kāwai 2, Kāwai 3 rānei (Whakaritenga 2, 3 rānei).

Mā te whakaritenga 3, e whakamahi ana i ngā wai ārai pēhanga, ka oati ko te turuturu puta noa i ngā mata hiri tuatahi he wai ārai pai, kaua ko te reo tukatuka morearea. Ko te tutuki i ngā ture taiao ā-rohe, pērā i ngā paerewa Hangarau Whakahaere Achievable Maximum (MACT) a te EPA, e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te whakatinanatanga o ēnei pūnaha rua-pūwero e tutuki ana ki te API 682.

He aha ngā mahi tāutanga me ngā whakaritenga e ārai ana i te pakaru wawe

Ko te pakaru wawe o ngā hiri o ngā pere whakarewa ka kitea i ngā hapa tāutanga, i ngā whakaritenga kāore i oti. Nā te mea he tino tairongo ngā pepa pere ki te hē o te miihini, me manatoko e ngā tohunga hangarau kāore te rere o te pou e neke ake i te 0.05 mm (0.002 inihi) Pānui Tohu Katoa (TIR). Mā te nui rawa o te rere ka piko te pere i ngā auau teitei, ka tere ake te ngenge o te whakarewa me te pakaru o te whakarewa.

I te wā o te whakatakotoranga, me whai whakaaro ngā kaihangarau ki te whanonga wai i te pēhanga hau. Mō ngā warowaihā taumaha e waikura ana, e kōkō ana rānei ina pāngia e te hau, he mea nui te tohu i te tineia mamaoa API Plan 62. Ka ārai te uhi kōkō i te hanganga o ngā putunga kōkō koi koi ki te taha hau o ngā pepa pupuhi, ki te kore ka aukati i te nekehanga tuaka me te turuturu.

Me pēhea te aroturuki i te āhua me te whakamahere i te tiaki

Ko te aroturuki tonu i te āhua o te hau te pou whakamutunga o te pono o te kore-tukunga. Mō ngā hiri whakarewa takirua, ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā whirihoranga paipa API Mahere 52 (kore-pēhanga) Mahere 53 rānei (takirua-pēhanga). I roto i te whakatakotoranga Mahere 53A, me pupuri te wai ārai i te pēhanga o te 1.5 ki te 2.0 pae (22 ki te 30 psi) i runga ake i te pēhanga mōrahi o te rūma hiri.

Me aroturuki tonu ngā kaiwhakahaere i te pēhanga wai ārai me ngā taumata o te puna wai. Ko te hekenga ohorere o te pēhanga ārai, te tere rānei o te mimiti o te wai puna wai, he tohu tēnei mō te hekenga o te mata tuatahi, tuarua rānei. Mā te whakauru i ēnei pūnaha aroturuki wai ki te DCS tipu (Ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Tohatoha),ngā tīma tiakika taea te neke mai i ngā whakatikatika ohorere tauhohe ki te tiaki matapae, te whakahou i te hiri i mua i te takahia o ngā paepae taiao.

Me pēhea te whakatau a ngā kaihoko i te wā e whakamahia ai ngā hiri o te Bellows whakarewa

Ko te whakawhiti ki ngā hiri whakarewa he tohu i tētahi whakapaunga pūtea me te whakapau kaha ki te hangarau. Me whakatere e ngā tīma hoko me te pono tētahi tukanga whakatau kua tatauhia kia tika ai te haumitanga tuatahi teitei ake e ai ki ngā tono a te tono me ngā hua o te huringa ora.

Ko tēhea rārangi arowhai tono hei ārahi i te kōwhiringa

Hei whakarite i te tukanga whiriwhiri, me whakamahi ngā tīma hangarau i tētahi rārangi arowhai tono tino pakari. Me whai hiri pupuhi whakarewa mēnā ka tutuki i te tono tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā paearu e whai ake nei:

1. Neke atu i te 200°C (400°F) te pāmahana papu, ka heke rānei ki raro i te -40°C (-40°F).
2. He tino kaha ngā herenga tukunga VOC o te wai tukanga, me iti iho i te 500 ppm te pupuri i te āhuarangi.
3. He nui te tūponotanga o te wai ki te whakapūhui, ki te whakatio, ki te kōka rānei ina pāngia e te āhuarangi.
4. E whakaatu ana ngā tuhinga tiaki o mua i te maha o ngā pakaru o te hiri pana nā te iri o te mowhiti-O hihiri, te wiri rānei o te pou.

Mena he wai ma, he wai pāmahana iti, he wai kore-morearea rānei e whakamahia ana i raro i te 150°C i ngā pēhanga reo, he rawaka pea te hiri pana paerewa, te hiri elastomer rānei. Heoi, mō ngā ratonga katoa e kiia ana he morearea, he paitini, he pāmahana tino kino rānei, ko te hiri whakarewa te whiringa pai rawa atu.

Me pēhea te paunatia te utu o mua me te uara o te huringa ora

Ko te utu hoko tuatahi mō tētahi hiri whakarewa kua hangaia katoatia he 1.5x ki te 2.5x teitei ake i tētahi hiri pana puna maha rite. Heoi, ko te aromatawai i te hangarau i runga i te whakapaunga whakapaipai tuatahi anake kāore e aro ki te pānga nui ki te Utu Katoa o te Mana Pupuri (TCO).

Mā te whakakore rawa i te wiri o te pou me te ringaringa, ka penapenahia e ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa ngā utu whakakapinga taputapu me te miihini i waenga i te $2,000 me te $5,000 mō ia whakahou papu.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Ngā whakatau me ngā take matua mō ngā hiri o ngā pere whakarewa
• Ngā whakaritenga, ngā whakaritenga, me ngā arowhai mōrearea e tika ana kia whakamanahia i mua i tō whakaae
• Ngā mahi whai muri me ngā whakatūpato ka taea e ngā kaipānui te tono tonu

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha i pai ake ai ngā hiri o te pupuhi whakarewa mō ngā papu kore-tukunga?

Ka whakakorea e rātou te mowhiti-O hihiri, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea turuturu mai i te kakahu, te wera, me te wiri o te pou. Ka āwhina tēnei i ngā tipu ki te whakatutuki i ngā here tukunga VOC pakari ake me te hiri pumau ake mō te wā roa.

Ko ēhea ngā tono e tino whai hua ana mai i ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa?

Ka tino pai te mahi a ēnei i ngā mahi pāmahana teitei, te cryogenic, te polymerizing, te coking, me ngā mahi kei roto he totoka, ina pakaru, ka iri rānei ngā hiri pana e hangai ana ki te elastomer.

Ka taea e Victor Seals te tuku hiri pupuhi whakarewa hototahi ki te OEM?

Āe. Ka whakarato a Victor Seals i ngā hiri pupuhi whakarewa me ngā whakakapinga hototahi-OEM mō ngā hiahia tiaki papu ahumahi maha, tae atu ki ētahi waitohu papu nui kua tohua.

Me pēhea te whakapai ake i te pono o ngā hiri o te pere whakarewa i roto i ngā mahi uaua?

Mā te pupuhi whakarewa ka whakaratohia te kaha puna me te hiri tuarua, nō reira kāore he elastomer reti e piri, e whakapakeke, e pakaru rānei. Ka tautokohia e tēnei te MTBF roa ake me te mahi hiri pumau.

He aha ngā mea me tirotiro e ngā kaihoko i mua i te kōwhiri i tētahi hiri pupuhi whakarewa?

Whakaūtia te momo wai, te awhe pāmahana, te pēhanga, te rahi o te toki, ngā rauemi mata, me te mahi whakarewa. Mō ngā ratonga morearea, manatokohia hoki ngā whāinga tukunga me te hototahitanga o te tauira papu ki tō kaiwhakarato hiri.